地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2013, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 447 -454. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2013.04.0447

综述与评述 上一篇    下一篇

岩石侵蚀速率测算方法研究综述及展望
王兴山 1，2，张捷 1*，秦中 3   
  1. 1.南京大学地理与海洋科学学院，江苏南京210093;
    2.三江学院文化产业与旅游管理学院，江苏南京210012；
    3.贵州大学环境与工程学院，贵州贵阳550003
  • 收稿日期:2012-10-21 修回日期:2013-01-28 出版日期:2013-04-10
  • 通讯作者: 张捷(1960-),男,江苏无锡人,教授，主要从事自然地理学及旅游地理学研究. E-mail:jiezhang@nju.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目“硬质文物风化毁损的表面过程、微形态及机制的案例研究”（编号：40271017）资助.

Methods for Measuring Erosion Rate of Rock: An Overview

Wang Xingshan 1,2, Zhang Jie 1, Qin Zhong 3   

  1. 1.School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University,Nanjing210093, China;
    2.School of Culture Industry and Tourism Management,Sanjiang University,Nanjing210012, China;
    3. College of Environment and Resources Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang550003, China
  • Received:2012-10-21 Revised:2013-01-28 Online:2013-04-10 Published:2013-04-10
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讨论了目前应用比较广泛的几种测算岩石侵蚀速率的方法，将目前岩石侵蚀速率测算方法分为2类：一类为质量测算法，包括公式计算法、流域水化学监测法、样品称重法；另一类为几何测算法，包括微侵蚀测量仪法、对比计算法和宇宙成因核素法。探讨了各方法的测算原理、优缺点及其适用领域，质量测算法中的公式计算法和流域水化学监测法比较适用于大面积的国土监测工作；样品称重法和3类几何测算法适用于尺度较小的地学研究和文物保护、工程技术等应用领域。最后，总结了岩石侵蚀速率研究者和案例地的地理分布规律，并对岩石侵蚀速率测算研究进行了展望。

关键词: 侵蚀速率, 质量测算法, 几何测算法

This paper discussed several methods for measuring erosion rate of rock which were applied widely. The author sorted these methods to two type: The first is mass measurements, including formula calculating methods, Hydrochemical measurements for catchment area,the method of rock tablets; the other is geometrical measurements, such as Micro-Erosion Meter(MEM),contrasting measurement and radionuclide methods. Despite many   revised and developed formula calculating methods based on the most famous—Cobel equation, they can only estimate the maximal regional erosion theoretically, which are easy to apply. Hydrochemical measurements for catchment area can obtain a factual data, but they are less than total erosion  as they only calculate the dissolved mass. The erosion data obtained by these two kinds of methods are regional, which are appropriate to be applied to regional research and country supervising. The other four(the method of rock tablets, micro-erosion meter, contrasting measurement and Radionuclide methods)can obtain erosion rate of individual position. It is necessary to investigate sufficient data if we apply these four kinds of methods to regional research, which  are appropriate to be applied to small scale georesearch. The method of rock tablets is preferred for erosion mechanism research  because many effect factors can be controlled accurately by researchers  during all the process. The MEM method can obtain erosion heights of idiographic position which are improved by many researchers so as to be applied to various ares  even underwater. Therefore, it is appropriate to be applied to culture relic protection and engineering application. Contrasting measurement needs  the distinct erosion term, and it is only applied to special area, although the method is easy. Along with the progress of relative instruments, the data obtained by radionuclide methods become more and more accurate, but it is the most luxurious method due to the high cost and advanced instruments. At the end of this paper, the authors summarize the geographical locations of  researchers and sites on erosion rate measurements: at the early stage, the researchers are mainly from Europe(UK, Med countries),the sites focus on the karst area, the researchers are mainly from Oceania(Australia, New Zealand)recently, and more and more sites are located in marine area. The authors also give the prospect of erosion rate measuring research, the MEM methods and radionuclide methods(when-less expensive) are highly advised.

Key words: Erosion rate, Mass measurements, Geometrical measurements

中图分类号: 

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