岩石侵蚀速率测算方法研究综述及展望

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2013.04.0447

讨论了目前应用比较广泛的几种测算岩石侵蚀速率的方法，将目前岩石侵蚀速率测算方法分为2类：一类为质量测算法，包括公式计算法、流域水化学监测法、样品称重法；另一类为几何测算法，包括微侵蚀测量仪法、对比计算法和宇宙成因核素法。探讨了各方法的测算原理、优缺点及其适用领域，质量测算法中的公式计算法和流域水化学监测法比较适用于大面积的国土监测工作；样品称重法和3类几何测算法适用于尺度较小的地学研究和文物保护、工程技术等应用领域。最后，总结了岩石侵蚀速率研究者和案例地的地理分布规律，并对岩石侵蚀速率测算研究进行了展望。

关键词: 侵蚀速率, 质量测算法, 几何测算法

This paper discussed several methods for measuring erosion rate of rock which were applied widely. The author sorted these methods to two type: The first is mass measurements, including formula calculating methods, Hydrochemical measurements for catchment area,the method of rock tablets; the other is geometrical measurements, such as Micro-Erosion Meter(MEM),contrasting measurement and radionuclide methods. Despite many revised and developed formula calculating methods based on the most famous—Cobel equation, they can only estimate the maximal regional erosion theoretically, which are easy to apply. Hydrochemical measurements for catchment area can obtain a factual data, but they are less than total erosion as they only calculate the dissolved mass. The erosion data obtained by these two kinds of methods are regional, which are appropriate to be applied to regional research and country supervising. The other four(the method of rock tablets, micro-erosion meter, contrasting measurement and Radionuclide methods)can obtain erosion rate of individual position. It is necessary to investigate sufficient data if we apply these four kinds of methods to regional research, which are appropriate to be applied to small scale georesearch. The method of rock tablets is preferred for erosion mechanism research because many effect factors can be controlled accurately by researchers during all the process. The MEM method can obtain erosion heights of idiographic position which are improved by many researchers so as to be applied to various ares even underwater. Therefore, it is appropriate to be applied to culture relic protection and engineering application. Contrasting measurement needs the distinct erosion term, and it is only applied to special area, although the method is easy. Along with the progress of relative instruments, the data obtained by radionuclide methods become more and more accurate, but it is the most luxurious method due to the high cost and advanced instruments. At the end of this paper, the authors summarize the geographical locations of researchers and sites on erosion rate measurements: at the early stage, the researchers are mainly from Europe(UK, Med countries),the sites focus on the karst area, the researchers are mainly from Oceania(Australia, New Zealand)recently, and more and more sites are located in marine area. The authors also give the prospect of erosion rate measuring research, the MEM methods and radionuclide methods(when-less expensive) are highly advised.

Key words: Erosion rate, Mass measurements, Geometrical measurements

中图分类号:

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摘要

Methods for Measuring Erosion Rate of Rock: An Overview