大尺度水热通量观测系统的研制

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2010.11.1128

地球科学进展 ›› 2010, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (11): 1128 -1138. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2010.11.1128

大尺度水热通量观测系统的研制

施生锦 ¹，黄彬香 ¹，刘绍民 ²，杨燕 ¹，黄勇彬 ³，徐自为 ²

1.中国农业大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100193； 2.北京师范大学遥感科学国家重点实验室，地理学与遥感科学学院, 北京 100875；
3.北京雨根科技有限公司, 北京 101100

收稿日期:2010-05-25 修回日期:2010-09-07 出版日期:2010-11-10
通讯作者: 施生锦 E-mail:ssj@cau.edu.cn
基金资助:
公益性行业(气象)科研专项“大尺度水热通量观测系统的研制与应用研究”（编号：GYHY200706046）；国家自然科学基金项目“地表水热通量的时空尺度扩展研究”（编号：40971194）和“基于遥感和数据同化方法的海河流域水文通量预测研究—SP2：不同尺度蒸散量和土壤水分的观测研究”（编号：30911130504）资助.

Development of a Measuring System for Surface Energy and Water Vapor Fluxes at Large Scale

Shi Shengjin ¹，Huang Binxiang ¹，Liu Shaomin ²，Yang Yan ¹，Huang Yongbin ³,Xu Ziwei ²

1.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
2.State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875,China;
3 Rainroot Scientific Limited, Beijing 101100, China

Received:2010-05-25 Revised:2010-09-07 Online:2010-11-10 Published:2010-11-10

下载PDF ( 1644 )

基于闪烁理论、孔径平均效应及莫宁—奥布霍夫相似理论（MOST），成功研制了大尺度水热通量观测系统样机YZ01，该系统主要由发射器、接收器、云台、瞄准器、气象传感器、数据采集器、数据处理软件、远程无线数据传输模块、太阳能供电系统等部分组成。该系统发射器平均功耗3 W，接收器功耗1.8 W，比德国的BLS450和荷兰的LAS都更省电；发射器光源功率为100 mW，比荷兰LAS的80 mW更强，在同样条件下，YZ01接收器接收到的闪烁光解调信号比荷兰LAS强14%左右，说明在相同的安装距离下，YZ01比荷兰LAS更适于在能见度低的条件下使用，或者说在同样的环境条件下，YZ01比荷兰LAS可以测量更远的距离。YZ01在北京密云站与荷兰Kipp&Zonen公司的LAS、美国Campbell公司的涡度相关测定系统进行了短期的应用对比试验，结果为：空气折射指数的结构参数C²_n、感热通量H、潜热通量LE的日变化趋势都非常一致；YZ01与LAS之间C²_n的线性拟合系数为0.98，相关系数为0.7；H的线性拟合系数为0.90，相关系数为0.93；YZ01通过余项法算出的LE与涡度相关直接测得的LE的线性拟合系数为1.07，相关系数为0.78。YZ01在青海阿柔站与德国Scintec公司的BLS450进行对比结果为：空气折射指数的结构参数C²_n、感热通量H、潜热通量LE的日变化变化趋势也都非常一致，YZ01与BLS450之间C²_n的线性拟合系数为1.25，相关系数为0.93；H的线性拟合系数为1.17，相关系数为0.99；YZ01通过余项法算出的LE与涡度相关测定系统测得的LE的线性拟合系数为1.03，相关系数为0.84。表明该研究所研制的大尺度水热通量观测系统不仅可以达到国外同类仪器同样的应用水平，而且比国外同类产品更省电、比荷兰LAS更适应在低能见度条件下使用。

关键词: 大尺度水热通量观测系统, 感热通量, 潜热通量

Based on the extension of the first-order perturbation theory of optical scintillation and Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, an apparatus YZ01 for measuring the refractive index structure constant C²_nand for measuring surface fluxes, such as sensible heat flux and latent heat flux along a long line-of-sight path, was developed. This apparatus consists of a transmitter part, a receiver part, an optical alignment part and a signal processing part. Signal modulation and demodulation method is used to distinguish the EM signal from background radiation. Filter and feedback circuitry is used to increase signal to noise ratio. The power of YZ01 transmitter is 3W average, and the receiver only 1.8W. The feature and accuracy of YZ01 was tested by comparing with Kipp & Zonen LAS and Scintec BLS450 over Miyun site, Beijing and Arou site, Qinghai. The results showed: ①The modulate signal of YZ01 is about 14% stronger than Kipp&Zonen LAS over Miyun site. ②The slope of linear regression and the correlation coefficient of C²_nbetween YZ01 and LAS is 0.98 and 0.7 over Miyun site. ③The slope of linear regression and the correlation coefficient of H between YZ01 and LAS is 0.90 and 0.93 over Miyun site. ④The slope of linear regression and the correlation coefficient of LE between YZ01 and LAS is 1.07 and 0.78 over Miyun site. ⑤The slope of linear regression and the correlation coefficient of C²_nbetween YZ01 and BLS450 is 1.25 and 0.93 over Arou site. ⑥The slope of linear regression and the correlation coefficient of H between YZ01 and BLS450 is 1.17 and 0.99 over Arou site. ⑦The slope of linear regression and the correlation coefficient of LE between YZ01 and BLS450 is 1.03 and 0.84 over Arou site.

Key words: Optical scintillation, Sensible heat flux, Latent heat flux.

中图分类号:

P404

[1] Von Randow C, Kruijt B, Holtslag A A M, et al. Exploring eddy-covariance and largeaperture scintillometer measurements in an Amazonian rain forest[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2008,148: 680-690.
[2] Horst T W, Weil J C.Footprint estimation for scalar flux measurements in the atmospheric surface layer[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,1992,59: 279-296.
[3] Schmid H P.Footprint modeling for vegetation atmosphere exchange studies: A review and perspective[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2002,113: 159-183.
[4] Kleissl J, Gomez J, Hong S H, et al. Large aperture scintillometer intercomparison study[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2008, 128: 133-150.
[5] McAneney K J, Green A E, Astill M S. Large-aperture scintillometry: The homogeneous case[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1995,76:149-162.
[6] De Bruin H A R, van den Hurk B J J M, Kohsiek W. The scintillation method tested over a dry vineyard area[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,1995,76: 25-40.
[7] Meijninger W M L, Green A E, Hartogensis O K, et al.Determination of area-averaged water vapour luxes with a large aperture and radio wave scintillometers over a heterogeneous surface-fevoland field experiment[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,2002,105: 63-83. 
[8] Ezzahar J,Chehbouri A,Hoedjes J C B,et al.The use of the scintillation technique for monitoring seasonal water consumption of olive orchards in a semi-arid region[J].Agricultural Water Management,2008,3:173-184.
[9] Hemakumara H, Chandrapala L, Moene A. Evapotranspiration fluxes overmixed vegetation areas measured from a large aperture scintillometer[J].Agricultural Water Managment,2003,58: 109-122.
[10] Beyrich F, De Bruin H A R, Meijninger W M L, et al.Results from one-year continuous operation of a large aperture scintillometer over heterogeneous land surface[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2002,105: 85-97.
[11] Meijninger W, Hartogensis O, Kohsiek W, et al. Determination of area averaged sensible heat fluxes with a large aperture scintillometer over a heterogeneous surface-flevoland field experiment[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2002,105: 63-83.
[12] Kleissl J, Hong S H, Hendrickx J. New mexico scintillometer network in support of remote sensing and hydrologic and meteorological models[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2009,90(2):207.
[13] Ma Xiaoshan, Zhu Wenyue, Rao Ruizhong. Large aperture laser scintillometer for measuring the refractive index structure constant of atmospheric turbulence[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2008,35(6): 898-902.[马晓珊，朱文越，饶瑞中.测量大气折射率结构参数的大口径激光闪烁仪[J].中国激光,2008,35(6): 898-902.]
[14] Tatarskii V I. Wave Propagation in a Turbulent Medium[M].Silverman R S,translated. New York: McGraw-Hill, USA,1961:285.[15] Rao Ruizhong. Light Propagation in the Turbulent Atmosphere[M]. Hefei: Anhui Science and Technology Publishing House, 2005:180-183.[饶瑞中. 光在湍流大气中的传播[M].合肥: 安徽科学技术出版社, 2005:180-183.]
[16] Clifford S F, Ochs G R, Lawrence R S. Saturation of optical scintillation by strong turbulence[J].Journal of Optical Society of America,1974, 64: 148-154.
[17] Green A E, McAneney K J, Astill M S. Surface-layer scintillation measurement of day time sensible and momentum fluxes[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,1994,68: 357-373.
[18] Wang T, Ochs G R, Clifford S F,et al. A saturation-resistant optical scintillometer to measure C²_n[J].Journal of Optical Society of America,1978,68: 334-338.
[19] Ochs G R,Wilson J J. A Second-generation Large Aperture Scintillometer[M]. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL ETL-232, NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories, Boulder, CO, USA, 1993:24.
[20] Hartogensis O K,Watts C J, Rodriguez J C, et al.Derivation of effective height for scintillometers: La Poza experiment in northwest Mexico[J].Journal of Hydrometeorology,2003,4: 915-929.
[21] Bai Jie, Liu Shaomin, Ding Xiaoping, et al. A Study of the processing method of large aperture scintillometer obsewation data[J].Advances in Earth Science,2010，25（11）：1 148-1 165.[白洁,刘绍民,丁晓萍,等. 大孔径闪烁仪观测数据的处理方法研究[J].地球科学进展,2010，25（11）：1 148-1 165.

[1]	仲雷,葛楠,马耀明,傅云飞,马伟强,韩存博,王显,程美琳. 利用静止卫星估算青藏高原全域地表潜热通量[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(8): 773-784.
[2]	王慧,张璐,石兴东,李栋梁. 2000年后青藏高原区域气候的一些新变化[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(8): 785-796.
[3]	田苗，王鹏新，孙威. 基于地表温度与植被指数特征空间反演地表参数的研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2010, 25(7): 698-705.
[4]	王维真，徐自为，李新，王介民，张智慧. 大孔径闪烁仪在黑河流域的应用分析研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2010, 25(11): 1208-1216.
[5]	艾力·买买提明，何清，霍文，刘新春. 塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地LAS和EC观测感热通量对比分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2010, 25(11): 1228-1236.
[6]	王润元,刘宏谊,张强,赵鸿,杨兴国,王鹤龄,张凯,杨启国,王胜. 夏季草原与戈壁地表能量分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2007, 22(6): 642-648.

阅读次数

全文

摘要