The axisymmetric metal spring marine gravimeter is inevitably affected by carrier disturbance in dynamic measurement. Taking CHZ-Ⅱ marine gravimeter developed by Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology， Chinese Academy of Sciences as an example， we set up its measuring model by mechanical analysis under working condition， and analyzed the influence of carrier disturbance on capacitance micro displacement detection. The results show that the vertical disturbance acceleration of the carrier directly affects the output of capacitance micro displacement detection of CHZ-Ⅱ marine gravimeter. We also analyzed the influence of carrier disturbance on dynamic nonlinear error of the gravimeter. The conclusions are as follows： Disturbance acceleration from the carrier （such as survey ship， investigation boat） is the direct factor of the marine gravimeter's nonlinear error. The dynamic nonlinear error is positively correlated with the amplitude of disturbance acceleration and the frequency of disturbance acceleration. The research in this paper is of great significance to improving the dynamic measurement accuracy of marine gravimeter.

The concept and category of wind-sand engineering were discussed in this paper. The development processes of wind-sand engineering in China were reviewed preliminarily. Based on different regional environments, wind-sand engineering research in our country can be divided into two parts: aeolian research of major engineering in desert areas, and aeolian research of major engineering in other areas with special environment. Further than that, aeolian research of major engineering in desert areas can be divided into 4 stages, and aeolian research of major engineering in other areas with special environment mainly focuses on tropical coastal areas, Tibet Plateau and gobi in arid areas. Our research suggests that the development trends of major wind-sand engineering can be summarized as the following aspects. \mathrm{①} Revealing principles of the wind-sand engineering shelter systems; \mathrm{②} Evaluating environmental effects of the major wind-sand engineering; \mathrm{③} Functions of the wind-sand engineering transforming from simple sand prevention to eco-economic types shelter systems; \mathrm{④} A kind of treatment technology with fabricated materials and equipped construction processes needs to be studied urgently, which can make sand prevention with rapid pace, high efficiency and high quality.

The terrestrial water cycle is influenced by a wide range of climatic variables and human disturbances. In the era of the Anthropocene, when humans drive the changes in atmospheric and hydrological processes in river basins, there is an urgent need to include human impacts in the study of the terrestrial water cycle. This paper focused on the large-scale hydrological modeling which takes account of human impacts, reviewed the research progress of the natural and human-induced changes in the terrestrial water cycle and the development of comprehensive terrestrial hydrological models in recent years, and proposed that an integrated water system model with human-related processes such as crop water demand model, engineering regulation and social water demand, be the key to large-scale water cycle simulations under changing environment. Based on the existing large-scale land surface hydrological model, there is a need to put forward the integration of the human-related processes. A comprehensive integrated water system model that considers multi-processes can help us to understand the key mechanisms of how climate change and human activity influence the regional water cycle. It also provides a theoretical and practical basis for investigating the causes and effects of changes in terrestrial water cycle under a changing environment, and thus offers scientific support for climate change adaptation in the water sector.

Loess of central Asia is located in a linkage zone between the European and Chinese loess depositional belts. Paleoclimate signatures from loess-paleosol sequences here is a key for completely understanding the spatial-tempo paleoclimate changes of Euro-Asia and for understanding the interactions between westerlies and Asia monsoon system during geological time. However, paleoclimate investigations of loess-paleosol sequences in arid central Asia is relatively weak than those from Europe and Chinese Loess Plateau. Specific, correlations of paleoclimate records with Chinese loess is required for better understanding “westerly regimes” in central Asia and its phase relationship with monsoon Asia on various time scale. In this work, we reviewed new advantages of loess study in central Asia during the last decades. Based on the stratigraphic and paleoclimatic correlations of loess-paleosol sequences between central Asia and the Chinese Loess Plateau, we discussed aridification history of Asia on tectonic time scale, the hydroclimate changes in arid central Asia and its phase relationship with Monsoonal Asia on orbital and millennial time scale during the Pleistocene.

In order to study the scale error of low resolution meteorological satellite cloud detection and its impact on the calculation of downlink radiation, cloud detection using high resolution stationary satellite GF-4 data and error analysis were carried out. Firstly, the cloud detection of GF-4 data is carried out by using visible channel threshold method and time series method, and the error of cloud detection results of Himawari-8 and FY-2 (FY-2G, FY-2E) is analyzed based on the results of GF-4 cloud detection.In the study area, FY-2G, FY-2E and Himawari-8 cloud images could distinguish the clouds and clear sky. The main reason for the error was the scale effect produced by different spatial resolution satellites(the differences caused by cloud detection algorithms are not discussed here).Most of the errors occurred in the areas of thin clouds and broken clouds.High resolution data could detect broken clouds, while low resolution data lead to false and missed detection. On this basis, the error of remote sensing calculation of short wave radiation was analyzed,and it was found that the error of the actual cloud amount in the pixel would bring significant error to the estimation of the downward radiation.The relative error of the instantaneous downward radiation in the selected test area was -173.52%, and the maximum relative error of shortwave radiation was -20.20%.The results show that the high resolution stationary satellite data can significantly improve the estimation accuracy of the downlink shortwave radiation in the regions with more broken clouds.

The marine environmental forecast plays an increasingly important role in economic growth and infrastructure development, and touches upon many fields and aspects, including marine security, energy resources development and protection, ocean shipping and fisheries. Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) OceanView supports the national research groups providing them with coordination and technical support among the partners. Forecasting centers develop and establish global operational ocean forecast systems. The global operational ocean forecasting system uses the ocean dynamic numerical model as the dynamic framework, and the near real-time high-quality observation input field is integrated into the model by data assimilation to realize the future environmental forecasts of the marine conditions covering the multi-time scale. The products are routinely validated with observations in order to assess their quality. This paper briefly introduced and reviewed the development process and current situation of the global ocean forecasting system covered by GODAE OceanView, and outlined the future development of global ocean forecasting.

More attentions have been paid to 3D geological modeling by earth science experts and scholars, which gradually becomes a research hotspot in the fields of mine geology, oil and gas exploration, etc. The detailed description of the 3D geological model is the prerequisite and guarantee for metallogenic prediction and reserve estimation,which is more favorable to play an important role in 3D visualization technology and geostatistics. A bauxite deposit in Henan Province was provided as an example and a series of difficult problems were dealt with in the 3D geological modeling. First of all, we used multiple vertical profiles to build ore body contour line. Based on the geological exploration data, the modeling process was discussed. The geometric database raw data format was revised. The auxiliary coil was used to build 3D model. Then, terrain surface model, the 3D ore body model, 3D stratum model and 3D structure model were successfully established. Based on the accurate 3D models, the L1 reserve was estimated by the Distance Power Inverse Ratio method and Ordinary Kriging. Ore bodie distribution and the reserves category were expressed. Finally, three different verification methods were used to verify the accuracy. Based on the traditional modeling method, a method based on the actual spatial location modeling of exploration engineering was improved, which can be modeled by any exploration project location. The accuracy and reliability of modeling were improved. It achieved the goals of the reserves category, reserve grade interval and reserve estimation dynamic visualization. The errors were within the controllable range.

Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is well characterized by the in-situ, real time, lower limit of detection and high space resolution, etc. Therefore, it is more excellent in the analysis of trace element for varied minerals in comparison to other micro-zone analysis technologies. Magnetite as a common mineral from different deposits and rocks has been focused on chemical compositions by researchers worldwide. In fact, as the insignificant matrix effect for most elements in magnetite, analysis results could be calculated effectively against Fe-rich silicate glass as the reference material. Therefore, researches on trace element distribution of magnetite have been developed rapidly in recent years, and it has a wide application prospect in reflecting the condition of ore-forming, discriminating different deposit types and indicating prospecting exploration. Comparing varied previous discrimination diagrams about magnetite via collecting trace element data from available literatures based on 25 deposits, we found that there was an urgent need for further detailing and reexamining the boundary of fields representing different genetic types, and it was vital for interpreting the data through carefully petrographical observation before analysis. In addition, we discussed several complex physicochemical factors, which would influence the element concentration of magmatite in igneous and hydrothermal processes, such as melt/fluid composition, temperature, cooling rate, pressure, oxygen fugacity, sulfur fugacity and silica activity. In magma stage, Magnetite’s components are closely related to melts composition and differentiation, while fluid features would also significantly change magnetie's components. Furthermore, there is serious interference for discriminating the genesis of magnetite because of late stage fluids and equilibrium again in subsolidus condition. This paper reviewed the developments of trace elements analysis by LA-ICP-MS and important applications about magnetite in mineral deposit so that unique thoughts for the research on mineralization and ore-forming processes could be obtained.

Since the 1970s, the continuous global warming has impacted the Arctic environment. The temperature increasing rate of Arctic during this century is nearly twice that of the global average, which is named as Arctic Amplification phenomena. Sea ice coverage of Arctic Ocean varied in a declined trend. Summer sea ice extent in 2012 was less than 40% of that in last century. The serious retreat of Arctic sea ice coverage is a unique phenomenon during the past 1 450 years. It is projected that an ice-free summer Arctic will happen in the near future. The positive feedback processes inside the Arctic are considered to be the key factors to drive the Arctic amplification under the background of global warming, which result in the Arctic and global climate changes, and drive many extreme meteorological and climatological events. An important mission of Arctic science is to reveal the physical mechanisms that drive these positive feedbacks. The main scientific issues of Arctic amplification are all related to the air-ice-sea interaction. Sea ice is the most active factor of Arctic amplification. The variations of sea ice microstructure and the thermal dynamical features need to be clarified quantitatively by considering the melt pond, lateral melting, snow cover, and ice drifting. Ocean is the key factor to acquire and store the solar energy for Arctic change. Oceanic heat flux is very important for the energy reallocation (energy storage and release), which is influenced by fresh water content and pycnocline structure to form the air-sea coupling. The main goal of researches for the Arctic Amplification is to understand the variation of Arctic climate system, the air-ice-sea interaction, feedback between ocean and atmosphere, variation in cyclones and blocks, influence of cloud and fog on Arctic change. On the basis of better understanding of variation of sea ice, ocean, and climate Arctic, the dominant function and physical processes of the vortex Rossby-waves will be the main issue to reveal the gateways and processes for the influence of Arctic change on China’s climate.

Fracture is the key factor of getting the high and stable yield in the tight sandstone reservoir. Based on the systematic research and the recent study result of domestic and foreign tight sandstone gas reservoir fractures, the fracture types and its formation mechanisms are comprehensively described. The identification methods of fractures in tight sandstone reservoirs were in detail described in the aspects of geology, logging, seismic and experimental data. Through methods of the observation of field outcrops, cores and thin sections, as well as the structure curvature, the conventional and special logging, the fracture parameters of reservoir fracture densities, opening angles, occurrences, systems and orientations can be obtained. Fracture distribution forecasting methods mainly include geological analysis, analysis of tectonic curvature, p-wave anisotropy analysis, seismic coherence analysis, inclination discontinuity fracture detection technology and tectonic stress field simulation technology, etc. At present, the study of fractures in tight sandstone reservoirs of marine facies and transitional facies (within the coal-bearing formations) under the complex tectonic evolution background is relatively little in China, the differences of fractures’ filling mechanism and micro-fractures quantitative identification is lack of systematic research, the precision of seismic identification of fractures remains to be further improved, and effective fracture identification methods and standard parameter systems in tight sandstone reservoirs for various types of sedimentary facies and tectonic evolution backgrounds have not yet formed. It is pointed out that the future development trend of the research will mainly focus on the following: combination of all kinds of research methods of fractures, establishment of fracture identification standards and parameters systems, analysis of microfractures, description of fracture development degree and quantitative relationships among main controlling factors, improvement of the fractures resolution by seismic prediction, and study on the coupling relationship among the hydraulic fractures, natural fractures and ground stress.

Ocean margin is recognized as a most important area for land-sea interaction and also one of the major sinks of organic carbon, which plays a very important role in global biogeochemical cycles of carbon. Based on the comprehensive investigation in the Bohai and Yellow Seas in May and November, 2012 and other available data, distributions of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) and sedimentary Total Organic Carbon (TOC) were discussed, and fluxes and fates of organic carbon in the Bohai and Yellow Seas were estimated. The results show that DOC is the dominate form of organic carbon in the Bohai and Yellow Seas. DOC and POC distributions show a gradient decline trend from nearshore zone to offshore area, and the components of POC is consisted of both terrestrial and marine matters. High content of TOC in sediments distributes in accordance with estuaries and mud areas. Results of budget of organic carbon show that the major sources of organic carbon is phytoplankton related production with a flux of (6 760±971) ×10⁴ t/a, accounting for (74±10)% of total sources, and then the fluxes of sediment resuspension, input from East China Sea, riverine input and atmospheric deposition are (884±200)×10⁴ t/a, (679±107)×10⁴ t/a, (643±63)×10⁴ t/a and (141±39)×10⁴ t/a, with contribution rates of (10±2.2)%, (7.5±1.2)%, (7±0.7)% and (1.5±0.4)%, respectively. Dominate removal of organic carbon in the Bohai and Yellow Seas are biorespiration with a flux of (5 190±746) ×10⁴ t/a, accounting for (57±8.2)% of organic carbon removal, and then the fluxes of organic carbon output to East China Sea, sedimentation and degradation are (2 150±370)×10⁴ t/a, (1 030±225)×10⁴ t/a and (737±191)×10⁴ t/a, with contribution rates of (24±4.1)%, (11±2.5)% and (8.0±2.1)%, respectively. These indicate that the Bohai and Yellow Seas show a potential sink of organic carbon, and about (1.6±0.3)% of organic carbon from external input and authigenic production is preserved in sediment. Budget indicates that the dominate sources are marine authigenic products, while terrestrial inputs play a minor role in the Bohai and Yellow Seas.

The research area is located in the western part of Sichuan basin as a Yangtze ecotope of Cathaysian Tethyan area. It is dominated by benthic fauna, including brachiopods, Fusulinids, corals, bivalves, foraminifers, ammonites, bryozoans,Crinoids and pleopods which are less common with traces of trilobites, stromatoporas, nautilus and sporopollens seen in one or two areas,which are obviously controlled by sedimentary environments and in accordance with sedimentary facies.Through the analysis of fossils and research on burial characteristics from middle PermianmiddleTriassic, based on the combination of the feature of fossils in time and space, seventeen communities are recognized, the coposition, construction and palaeoenvironment of each community are expounded. Study shows that different ecological type biocoenose are distributed in different locations, which are mainly represented by sessile benthic community in the main research area, composed of Mianzhu, Mianyang, Deyang and Santai and nektonic community in marginal areas in the research area subdivided into two parts: Areas around Guangyuan-Nanjiang-Tongjiang, located at the margins in the northeast of the research area, and areas around Wenchuan-Maoxian-Dayidafeishui situated at the western borders of the research area. According to the combination of communities with sedimentary characteristics,six kinds of biofacies have been recognized and described in the study area and biofacies pattern are established. Category,ecotype, typical community and sedimentary facies of each biofacies are elucidated in this paper. The subdivision and analysis of community are meaningful for the studies of paleoenvironment ,paleogeography and their evolutions,The research of biaofacies is important for the recovery of paleobiogeography and paleoplate tectonic characteristics.

Porphyry copper refers to porphyritic felsic intrusive rocks while alteration and mineralization with obvious zoning are controlled by fluid and structure. Mineralization are disseminated and of low-grade. Porphyry copper is the most important type of copper deposit, which provides nearly three-quarters of copper in the world. Most porphyry Cu deposits occur in magmatic arc settings and in collisional orogen or intraplate settings. However,it fails to give a reasonable explanation in the collisional or orogen setting. In this paper, we review recent study on porphyry copper deposit about the tectonic setting, get an understanding of the differences and similarities between Porphyry Copper Deposit of China and that abroad. We also recognize tectonic setting and its structure for explaining the formation of the Porphyry Copper Deposit from the macro aspect.