Since the middle of the 20th century, analog experiments have provided an independent method for studying geodynamic processes. Based on analog experiments, this paper reviews the similarity mechanism between the natural prototype and experimental model of geodynamic processes and reviews the mechanism and characteristics of the lithosphere dynamic process revealed by analog experiments. Furthermore, we compare analog data of the Cantabria Belt and Zagros Iran Plateau. Analog experiments use dry particle materials, (non-) linear viscous rheological materials, and viscoelastic materials to establish multilayer material structure models (i.e., double-, three-, and four-layer lithosphere structures). In general, the analog experimental devices include three types: an internal dynamic drive model of the conservation of the system energy material, external dynamic drive model of the open system, and internal and external dynamic hybrid drive models. Geodynamic deformation of the lithosphere is controlled by the coupling of multiple layers of the lithosphere (i.e., elastic strength or viscous stiffness) and an inherited heterogeneous structure. This controls the deformation of the basin-mountain system in the shallow water and lithosphere. The analog experiment data can provide a better explanation of the geodynamic processes and would play an increasingly important role in tectonic evolution, big-data structure of the basin, and disaster warning.