地球科学进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (9): 974 -986. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2025.080

研究论文 上一篇    

我国近46年暖季复合极端高温—极端降水事件特征
王若骥(), 黄丹青()   
  1. 南京大学 大气科学学院,江苏 南京 210023
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-24 修回日期:2025-08-20 出版日期:2025-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 黄丹青 E-mail:wrj@smail.nju.edu.cn;huangdq@nju.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0801601)

Characteristics of Compound Heatwaves and Precipitation Extremes of Warming Season in China from 1979 to 2024

Ruoji WANG(), Danqing HUANG()   

  1. School of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
  • Received:2025-06-24 Revised:2025-08-20 Online:2025-09-10 Published:2025-11-18
  • Contact: Danqing HUANG E-mail:wrj@smail.nju.edu.cn;huangdq@nju.edu.cn
  • About author:WANG Ruoji, research area includes weather and climate extremes. E-mail: wrj@smail.nju.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF0801601)

人类活动与全球变暖增加了极端高温和极端降水事件发生的概率,二者复合的事件严重影响着居民健康、社会经济和生态系统。基于1979—2024年逐日气温和降水数据,引入干、湿极端高温以细化事件类型,分析了我国近46年暖季(5~9月)复合极端高温—极端降水事件的频数、强度和影响范围的特征,发现全国此类事件的发生频率与影响范围均呈快速增长趋势,且在2000年后增速加快。复合事件中极端高温和极端降水强度,均显著高于单独的极端高温和降水事件,2000年后复合事件的强度和极端程度,较1979—2000年明显增强。进一步区分干、湿极端高温类型发现,湿极端高温复合事件集中于河西走廊和四川盆地等频发区,而干极端高温复合事件在全国范围内分布相对均匀。近46年湿极端高温复合事件在全部复合事件的占比持续上升,且其极端高温强度强于干极端高温,这一特征预示,湿极端高温复合事件相比单独极端事件和干极端高温复合事件造成损失的风险更高,且随着全球变暖加剧、潜在风险正在逐渐增大,需持续重点关注。

Anthropogenic activities and global warming have amplified the likelihood of heatwaves and precipitation extremes. In particular, compound heatwaves and precipitation extremes pose severe threats to public health, society, and ecosystems. Based on daily temperature and precipitation data from the ERA5 reanalysis from 1979 to 2024, this study introduced a classification of dry and moist heatwaves to analyze the frequency, magnitude, and temporal evolution of compound heatwaves and precipitation extremes over China during the warm season (from May to September). The results revealed a rapid increase in the occurrence and spatial extent of such events nationwide, with an accelerating trend observed after the year 2000. The heatwave magnitudes of the temperature and precipitation extreme magnitudes were found to be significantly higher than those of individual extremes, with enhanced extremeness after 2000. For comparison, the moist heatwave compound extremes were concentrated in frequent occurrence regions, such as the Hexi Corridor and Sichuan Basin, while dry heatwave compound extremes showed a nearly uniform distribution across the country. From 1979 to 2024 the proportion of moist heat wave compound events increased. Moreover, the heatwave magnitude of the temperature in moist heatwave compound extremes was stronger than that in dry heatwave compound extremes, suggesting a higher risk of damage compared to individual extremes or dry heatwave compound extremes. This potential risk is projected to escalate further with ongoing global warming, which requires sustained monitoring.

中图分类号: 

图1 基于相对阈值的19792024年我国暖季极端高温(a)、湿极端高温(b)和极端降水(c)平均阈值空间分布
Fig. 1 The spatial distribution of thresholds of heatwavea), moist heatwaveb), and precipitation extremecin China in warm season from 1979-2024 based on relative threshold
表1 极端事件指标定义
Table 1 Definitions of extremes
图2 我国19792024年暖季3天与7天内复合极端高温—极端降水事件(CHPEs)频数(ab)、占全部极端高温事件数比例(cd)以及占全部极端降水数比例(ef)空间分布
图中填色区域通过95%的显著性检验。
Fig. 2 The spatial distribution of frequencyab), proportion of whole heatwavescd), whole precipitation extremesefof Compound Heatwave-Precipitation ExtremesCHPEswithin 3 days and 7 days in China in warm season from 1979 to 2024
The shading exceeds 95% significance level.
图3 我国19792024年暖季3天内与7天内复合极端高温—极端降水事件(CHPEs)极端高温强度(ab)、与单独极端高温强度差异(cd)、极端降水强度(ef)以及与单独极端降水强度差异(gh)空间分布
图中填色区域通过95%的显著性检验。
Fig. 3 The spatial distribution of HWM-Tab), HWM-T difference with individual heatwavescd), Precipitation Extreme MagnitudePEM) (ef), and PEM difference with individual precipitation extremesghof Compound Heatwave-Precipitation ExtremesCHPEswithin 3 days and 7 days in China in warm season from 1979 to 2024
The shading exceeds 95% significance level.
图4 我国暖季发生复合极端高温—极端降水事件(CHPEs)格点占比逐年分布与趋势(a)及19792000年和200120243天内(b)、7天内(cCHPEs格点占比箱线图
(a)中散点表示格点占比,实线表示整体趋势,虚线表示1979—2000年与2001—2024年分段趋势,均通过95%显著性检验;(b)和(c)中横线表示中位数,三角表示平均值。
Fig. 4 The annual distribution and trend of the proportion of grid points of Compound Heatwave-Precipitation ExtremesCHPEsin China in warm seasonaand the proportion of grid points of CHPEs within 3 daysband 7 dayscfrom 1979 to 2000 and from 2001 to 2024
The scattered points in (a) represent the proportion of grid points, solid lines represent the linear trend in the period of 1979-2024, and dashed lines represent the segmented trends from 1979 to 2000 and from 2001 to 2024, all exceed 95% significance level. Line in (b, c) represents the median and triangle represents the average.
图5 我国暖季发生复合极端高温—极端降水事件(CHPEs)格点平均频数逐年分布趋势(a)与19792000年和200120243天内(b)、7天内(cCHPEs格点平均频数箱线图
(a)中散点表示平均频数,实线表示整体趋势,虚线表示1979—2000年与2001—2024年分段趋势,均通过95%显著性检验;(b)和(c)中横线表示中位数,三角表示平均值。
Fig. 5 The annual distribution and trend of the average frequency of grid points occurring Compound Heatwave-Precipitation ExtremesCHPEsin China in warm seasonaand average frequency of grid points occurring CHPEs within 3 daysband 7 dayscfrom 1979 to 2000 and from 2001 to 2024
The scattered points in (a) represent the average frequency, solid lines represent the overall trend, and dashed lines represent the segmented trends from 1979 to 2000 and from 2001 to 2024, all exceed 95% significance level. Line in (b, c) represents the median, triangle represents the average.
图6 我国暖季19792000年与200120243天内与7天内复合极端高温—极端降水事件(CHPEs)平均频数分布
图中填色区域通过95%的显著性检验。
Fig. 6 The frequency distribution of Compound Heatwave-Precipitation ExtremesCHPEswithin 3 days and 7 days in the warm season of 1979-2000 and 2001-2024 in China
The shading exceeds 95% significance level.
图7 我国暖季3天内干极端高温与湿极端高温复合极端高温—极端降水事件(CHPEs)频数分布(ab)、极端高温强度分布(cd)、极端降水强度分布(ef
图中填色区域通过95%的显著性检验。
Fig. 7 The frequency distributionab), heatwave magnitude of temperature distributioncd), and precipitation extreme magnitude distributionefof dry heatwave Compound Heatwave-Precipitation ExtremesCHPEsand moist heatwave CHPEs within 3 days in China in warm season
The shading exceeds 95% significance level.
图8 我国暖季3天内与7天内干、湿极端高温复合极端高温—极端降水事件(CHPEs)频数逐年分布(ab)、极端高温强度概率密度分布(cd)和极端降水强度概率密度分布(ef
(a)和(b)中虚线为干、湿极端高温诱发的复合事件数占比趋势;(c)、(d)、(e)和(f)中p为概率密度分布差异检验结果,p<0.05认为具有显著差异。
Fig. 8 The annual distribution of the frequencyab), the probability density distribution of heatwave magnitude of temperaturecd), and the probability density distribution of precipitation extreme magnitudeefof dry and moist heatwave Compound Heatwave-Precipitation ExtremesCHPEswithin 3 days and 7 days in China in warm season
Dotted lines in (a) and (b) represent the trend of the proportion of dry and moist heatwave CHPEs. p in (c), (d), (e) and (f) is the test result of the difference in probability density distribution; p<0.05 is considered to have a significant difference.
图9 我国暖季3天内(a)与7天内(b)内干、湿极端高温复合极端高温—极端降水事件(CHPEs)格点总频数逐年随全球平均温度距平的趋势
Fig. 9 The trend of total frequency on all grid points of dry and moist heatwave Compound Heatwave-Precipitation ExtremesCHPEswithin 3 daysaand 7 daysbalong with global average temperature anomaly in China in warm season
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