经过50 余年的持续研发与技术创新，我国风云气象卫星系统取得显著成就，成功发射了21 颗卫星，目前8 颗在轨稳定运行，构成了包含地球静止轨道、太阳同步极地轨道和倾斜轨道的卫星 组网观测体系。通过回顾风云气象卫星及遥感仪器的发展历程、现状，地面系统在数据接收、处理 及运行方面的效能，以及应用系统的建设与服务情况，综合分析风云气象卫星及其地面应用系统 的技术能力。通过与全球主要国家在气象卫星组网观测、遥感仪器技术、地面系统运行能力的对 比分析发现，风云气象卫星尽管部分性能指标仍有提升空间，但其已具备完善的轨道布局和遥感 仪器配置，且遥感仪器的探测能力已达到国际先进水平。地面系统则建立了高效的数据接收、处 理与服务流程，数据预处理技术先进，地理定位精度达到亚像元级，辐射定标精度在可见近红外波 段达到3%，红外波段达到0.2 K。此外，风云气象卫星系统已构建全面完备的大气、陆地、海洋及空 间天气定量产品体系，并建立了中国遥感卫星辐射校正场，常态化开展辐射定标与遥感产品真实 性检验工作。风云卫星数据在天气分析、气候变化研究、生态环境监测及自然灾害预警等多个领 域得到了广泛应用，且应用水平不断提升。未来，风云气象卫星观测系统将朝着构建混合架构空 间观测体系、观测要素全面精准感知以及星地系统智能高效运行，数据处理融合新兴技术，遥感应 用场景深化，国际合作共享等方向发展。

Abstract： During more than 50 years of continuous research and technological innovation, China's Fengyun Meteorological Satellite System has got significant achievement. 21 Fengyun satellites have been launched. Currently, 9 of them are operating stably in orbit, forming a comprehensive observation system that includes geostationary orbit and sun synchronous polar orbit satellites. By reviewing the development history and current status of Fengyun meteorological satellites and remote sensing instruments, the effectiveness of ground segments in data reception, processing, and operation, as well as the construction and service of application systems, the technical capabilities of Fengyun meteorological satellites, their ground segments and application systems have been analyzed comprehensively. Through comparative analysis with major countries around the world in terms of meteorological satellite network observation, remote sensing instrument technology, and ground segment operation capabilities, it is found that Fengyun Meteorological Satellites not only have a complete orbit layout and remote sensing instrument configuration, but its remote sensing instrument detection capability has reached the international advanced level, although some performance indicators still have room for improvement. The ground segments have established an efficient data reception, processing, and service process, with advanced data pre-processing technology and sub-pixel level geolocation accuracy. The radiometric calibration accuracy is 3% in the visible band and 0.2 K in the infrared band. In addition, the Fengyun Meteorological Satellite System has established a comprehensive and complete quantitative product system for atmospheric, land, marine, and space weather, and has established a radiation correction field for Chinese remote sensing satellites, and carried out authenticity verification of remote sensing products. Fengyun satellite data has been widely used in various fields such as weather forecasting, climate change research, ecological environment monitoring, and natural disaster warning, and its application level is constantly improving. In the future, the Fengyun meteorological satellite observation system aims to evolve towards establishing a hybrid-architecture space observation system, achieving comprehensive and precise perception of observation elements, enabling intelligent and efficient operation of satellite-ground systems, integrating emerging technologies in data processing, expanding remote sensing application scenarios, and fostering international cooperation and sharing.