含油气盆地碎屑岩储层异常高孔、渗带成因机制研究进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2021.086

地球科学进展 ›› 2021, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (9): 922 -936. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2021.086

陈国松 ¹(

),孟元林 ¹,郇金来 ²,肖丽华 ¹,冯丹 ³

^1.东北石油大学地球科学学院，黑龙江大庆 163318
^2.中海石油（中国）有限公司湛江分公司，广东湛江 524057
^3.中国石油渤海钻探工程技术研究院油田化学技术中心，河北任丘 062552

收稿日期:2021-06-05 修回日期:2021-08-07 出版日期:2021-09-10
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项“典型盆地致密油成藏演化与富集区评价”(2016ZX05046-001-006);国家自然科学基金项目“杂积岩的成因、成岩和成储机制研究——以三塘湖盆地为例”(41572135)

Research Progress on the Origin of Anomalously High Porosity and Permeability Zone in Clastics Reservoirs in Petroliferous Basin

Guosong CHEN ¹( ),Yuanlin MENG ¹,Jinlai HUAN ²,Lihua XIAO ¹,Dan FENG ³

^1.School of Earth Sciences，Northeast Petroleum University，Daqing Heilongjiang 163318，China
^2.Zhanjiang Branch of China National Offshore Oil Corporation （CNOOC），Zhanjiang Guangdong 524057，China
^3.Oilfield Chemical Technology Center，Bohai Drilling Engineering Technology，Renqiu Hebei 062552，China

Received:2021-06-05 Revised:2021-08-07 Online:2021-09-10 Published:2021-10-15
About author:CHEN Guosong (1993-), male, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, Ph.D student. Research areas include reservoir and petroleum geology. E-mail: dydlcgs@163.com
Supported by:
the National Science and Technology Major Project of China "Evaluation of accumulation evolution and enrichment area of tight oil in typical basins"(2016ZX05046-001-006);The National Natural Science Foundation of China "Genesis, diagenesis and reservoir-forming mechanism of hybrid rocks: a case study of Santanghu Basin"(41572135)

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为了研究高品质储层形成机理和优势渗流通道的预测，在系统调研国内外高品质储层形成机理研究成果的基础上，讨论了异常高孔、渗带形成机理研究的现存问题和未来趋势。结果表明：①机械和化学压实作用是孔隙度和渗透率降低的主要成因机制；②形成于成岩作用早期阶段，且具有最佳厚度的绿泥石和微晶石英包膜可在一定程度上抑制胶结作用的进行，伊利石包膜次之；③成岩作用早期阶段的流体超压可通过抑制机械压实作用保护储层孔隙度；④早期油气侵位可通过干扰胶结物的来源（物质供应）、运输及沉淀等过程，对石英和碳酸盐等胶结作用产生抑制性；⑤次生溶蚀作用及其所产生的次生孔隙最大值与流体性质、流量、传输机制及岩石矿物类型、含量等因素密切相关。从石油地质学的角度出发，结合交叉学科特色优势和研究手段是定量研究不同地质因素控储作用差异性和互补性的重要发展趋势，为建立有效识别、模拟及预测不同地质因素在不同地质时期差异控储作用的量化模型提供重要支撑，促进了不同学科优势技术方法的交叉融合。

关键词: 颗粒包膜, 流体超压, 油气侵位, 次生溶蚀, 异常高孔、渗带

In order to further study the formation mechanism of high-quality reservoirs and the accurate prediction of dominant seepage channels in exploration and development stages， on the basis of systematic investigation of the research results on the anomalously high porosity and permeability reservoirs at home and abroad. the existing problems and future trends of the formation mechanism of abnormally high porosity and permeability zones are discussed.The results show that： ① mechanical and chemical compaction is the main mechanism of porosity and permeability decrease；② the chlorite and microcrystalline quartz coating with optimum thickness formed at the early stage of diagenesis can inhibit the cementation to some extent， followed by illite coating；③ fluid overpressure in the early stage of diagenesis can protect reservoir porosity by inhibiting mechanical compaction； ④ early hydrocarbon emplacement may inhibit the cementation （quartz， carbonate， etc.） by interfering with the source （material supply）， transport and precipitation of cements； ⑤ the maximum value of secondary pores caused by secondary dissolution is closely related to fluid properties， flow rate of fluid， transport mechanism of fluid， rock and mineral types， content and other factors. From the perspective of petroleum geology， it is a very important development trend to quantitatively and thoroughly study the difference and complementarity of the effect of different geological factors on reservoir porosity and permeability by combining the interdisciplinary unique advantages and characteristic research methods in the future. It is very important for geologists to finish the establishment of quantitative model of effective identification， simulation and prediction of “Diversity controlling reservoir action” of different geological factors in different geological periods. It can provide important basic theoretical support for the next step in the future. At the same time， it can well promote the intersection and integration of superior technology and methods of different disciplines in the immediate future.

Key words: Grain coating, Fluid overpressure, Hydrocarbon emplacement, Secondary dissolution, Anomalously high porosity and permeability zone

中图分类号:

P584

图1 孔隙度随埋深的变化趋势^{［

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7
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11
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45
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66
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（a）砂岩的压实曲线；（b）页岩和泥质沉积物的压实曲线；（c）盐水饱和蒙皂石、高岭石及其混合物的实验压实曲线

Fig. 1 The variation trend of porosity with burial depth^{［

6
，

7
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11
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45
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66
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（a） Compaction curves of sandstones；（b） Compaction curves for shales and argillaceous sediments；（c） Experimentally compacted curves of brine-saturated smectite， kaolinite and their mixtures

图2 有机质成分、类型、含量及其产酸能力等因素的汇总图^{［

20
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22
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24
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144
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149
~

151
］}
（a）有机酸浓度与温度关系模型；（b）国外盆地有机酸浓度与温度关系；（c）中国东部盆地有机酸浓度随埋深的变化；（d）中国东北部和西部盆地有机酸浓度随埋深的变化；（e）有机质成分随埋深的变化；（f）细粒沉积物中不同类型有机质产气量差异

Fig. 2 Summarizing chart of organic matter composition， type， content and acid-producing capacity^{［

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144
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149
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（a） Model of relation between organic acid concentration and temperature；（b） Relationship between organic acid concentration and temperature in foreign basins；（c） Variation of organic acid concentration with burial depth in basins of eastern China；（d） Variation of organic acid concentration with burial depth in northeastern and western basins of China；（e） Composition changes of organic matter with burial depth；（f） Differences in gas production of different types of organic matter in fine sediments

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