地球科学进展 ›› 2021, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 335 -345. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2021.042

综述与评述    下一篇

烃类流体在 MVT型铅锌矿成矿中角色与作用:研究进展与展望
李荣西 1 , 2( ), 毛景文 1 , 3, 赵帮胜 1 , 2, 陈宝赟 1 , 2, 刘淑文 1 , 2   
  1. 1.长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西 西安 710054
    2.长安大学西部矿产资源与地质工程教育部 重点实验室,陕西 西安 710054
    3.中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,北京 100037
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-17 修回日期:2021-01-29 出版日期:2021-05-31
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“大巴山前陆构造纤维状方解石脉体成因机理及其油气地质意义研究”(41772118)

A Review of the Role of Hydrocarbon Fluid in the Ore Formation of the MVT Pb-Zn Deposit

Rongxi LI 1 , 2( ), Jingwen MAO 1 , 3, Bangsheng ZHAO 1 , 2, Baoyun CHEN 1 , 2, Shuwen LIU 1 , 2   

  1. 1.School of Earth Science and Resources,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,China
    2.Key Laboratory of West China's Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering,Minstry of Education,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,China
    3.Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China
  • Received:2020-10-17 Revised:2021-01-29 Online:2021-05-31 Published:2021-05-31
  • About author:LI Rongxi (1966-), male, Qingyang City, Gansu Province, Professor. Research areas include mineral resource prospecting and exploration. E-mail: rongxi99@163.com
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Study on formation mechanism of fibrous calcite veins in the Dabashan Foreland and its significance for petroleum geology”(41772118)

MVT型铅锌矿床是最重要的铅锌矿类型之一,近百年来人们在此类矿床地质和地球化学特征、成矿物质来源、成矿物质活化、运移和沉淀机制、成矿时代和成矿动力学等方面取得了许多重要成果,其中最重要的认识就是与油气相关的烃类流体在Pb-Zn等金属元素活化、迁移和沉淀成矿中起着非常重要的作用。在综合分析前陆盆地烃类流体与MVT型铅锌矿二者之间的成因关系的基础上,系统总结了世界范围内前陆盆地MVT型Pb-Zn矿床共同特征,总结了近年来前陆盆地MVT型铅锌矿烃类流体研究成果和进展,分析表明烃类流体以什么角色、如何参与MVT型铅锌矿成矿作用是目前研究的热点问题,有关烃类流体携带Pb-Zn等金属元素能力及其参与Pb-Zn沉淀成矿机制、前陆盆地构造演化背景下流体汇聚动力学,以及油气藏破坏与Pb-Zn成矿耦合关系等是未来有待深入探讨的重要科学问题。在矿床学和矿床地球化学研究基础上,应该发挥交叉学科特色优势和研究手段,从石油地质学角度出发,研究前陆盆地构造演化过程中烃类流体形成、演化与MVT型铅锌矿成矿过程之间的耦合关系,从有机流体角度切入,探讨MVT型铅锌矿成矿物质来源、成矿作用过程和成矿机制是新的研究趋势。

MVT Pb-Zn deposit (Mississippi Valley Type) is one of the most important types of lead-zinc mine. Many large oil and gas fields developed together with MVT type Pb-Zn ore in the foreland basin in the world. Hydrocarbon fluid associated with oil/gas has played a very important role in the mobilization, transportation and precipitation of metal elements of Pb-Zn. Several metallogenic models of MVT Pb-Zn deposit have been established based on the background of foreland basin structure of which hydrocarbon fluid participated in Pb-Zn mineralization, or acted as the role of reductant to precipitate in Pb-Zn minerals. The close connections between the MVT type Pb-Zn deposit and hydrocarbon fluid of oil/gas field in foreland basin is widely recognized by deposit scientists in the world. Currently geologists' attentions have been focused on the role of hydrocarbon fluid in the metallogenic characteristics of MVT Pb-Zn deposit formation, ability of mobilization and transportation of Pb-Zn elements and metallogenic mechanism of hydrocarbon fluid during tectonic evolution history. On the basis of geological and geochemical study of MVT Pb-Zn deposit, ideas and methods of petroleum geology and organic geochemistry should be used to study the coupling relationship of evolution process of hydrocarbon fluid and mineralization process of MVT Pb-Zn deposit.

中图分类号: 

图1 美国密西西比河谷铅锌矿集区分布与盆地构造和生烃中心关系图[ 17 ]
Fig.1 Distribution of the MVT Zn-Pb districts with associated basin structure and source rock centre in the Central US[ 17 ]
图1 美国密西西比河谷铅锌矿集区分布与盆地构造和生烃中心关系图[ 17 ]
Fig.1 Distribution of the MVT Zn-Pb districts with associated basin structure and source rock centre in the Central US[ 17 ]
图2 环扬子地块铅锌矿集区与下寒武统生烃中心和早古生代古构造分布关系图
Fig.2 The MVT Zn-Pb districts around the Yangtze block with associated the Lower Cambrian source rock and paleostructure
图2 环扬子地块铅锌矿集区与下寒武统生烃中心和早古生代古构造分布关系图
Fig.2 The MVT Zn-Pb districts around the Yangtze block with associated the Lower Cambrian source rock and paleostructure
图3 大巴山前陆盆地马元铅锌矿两期沥青与铅锌矿宏观产状特征
Fig.3 Macrofeatures of two episodes bitumen and lead-zinc ore in the Mayuan deposit in the Dabashan foreland basin
图3 大巴山前陆盆地马元铅锌矿两期沥青与铅锌矿宏观产状特征
Fig.3 Macrofeatures of two episodes bitumen and lead-zinc ore in the Mayuan deposit in the Dabashan foreland basin
图4 前陆盆地烃类流体演化与铅锌成矿模式图
(a)MVT型铅锌矿与古油藏形成与演化关系;(b)MVT型铅锌矿与古气藏形成与演化关系
Fig.4 The model of Pb/Zn mineralization related with hydrocarbon fluid evolution of foreland basin
(a) Pb-Zn mineralization related with paleo-oil reservoir; (b) Pb-Zn mineralization related paleo-gas reservoir
图4 前陆盆地烃类流体演化与铅锌成矿模式图
(a)MVT型铅锌矿与古油藏形成与演化关系;(b)MVT型铅锌矿与古气藏形成与演化关系
Fig.4 The model of Pb/Zn mineralization related with hydrocarbon fluid evolution of foreland basin
(a) Pb-Zn mineralization related with paleo-oil reservoir; (b) Pb-Zn mineralization related paleo-gas reservoir
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