牡蛎壳体的同位素贝壳年轮研究

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2010.02.0163

贝壳年轮学通过研究水生生物骨骼的周期性增长，来解译其生命历史及记录的环境信息。介绍了贝壳年轮研究的对象和方法、回顾了贝壳年轮的发展历程，并以渤海湾地区的现生和埋藏牡蛎壳体为例进行了贝壳年轮与壳体同位素剖面分析研究，首次同时关注牡蛎壳体剖面内的生长层和壳体韧带槽表面的特征层，二者共同指示了准确的生长年轮。结果显示，对应于壳体韧带槽表面凹沟的壳体剖面内灰色半透明生长层，具有一个年生长周期内最重的氧同位素比值，是晚秋至早春季节水温较低、食物来源匮乏时期形成的缓慢致密生长层；对应于壳体韧带槽表面外凸层中部的壳体剖面内灰色半透明生长层，具有较轻的氧同位素比值，是春季牡蛎产卵而形成的缓慢致密生长层；二者均具有良好的季节性指示意义，可以根据这些特征生长层对壳体的生长年龄进行准确的判断。

关键词: 贝壳年轮, 壳体同位素剖面, 生长年龄, 牡蛎, 渤海湾

Sclerochronology, the study of periodic increments in skeletal organisms, can decipher the life history and environmental records preserved in fossil shells. In this study, we introduced the term of Sclerochronology and study methods, reviewed the history and development of this science. Living and buried oyster shells from Bohai Bay were selected for case study, micro-growth patterns and consecutive micro-sample along a profile perpendicular to skeletal growth increments were analyzed for shell growth age estimation. Our work takes the morphological features on ligamental surface, together with the corresponding translucent growth bands on the shell cross-section into account with stable isotope profiles, to determine if concave bottoms and growth breaks on convex band on the shell resilifer surface, and their corresponding translucent growth bands on shell cross-sections, were formed seasonally in the oyster shells of Crassostrea gigas. Further, we aim to derive ontogenetic information from the oyster shells of C. gigas. Results show that concave bottoms on resilifer surface, which were formed during lowest temperature recorded by shell in winter seasons, and corresponding translucent growth lines on cross-section of left valve, are suitable indicators of annual growth increments in these Pacific oyster shells of west Bohai Bay. Beside these concave bottoms and corresponding translucent growth lines, growth breaks near convex tops on resilifer surface and corresponding translucent growth lines on cross-sections, which were results of spawning during spring season, are also suitable indicators of annual growth increments. The spawning growth breaks and alternated concave bottoms are pair of excellent indicators for annual growth increment. The life spans, growth rates, and the timing of spawning and death can be determined from the ligament increments of these oyster shells.

Key words: Sclerochronology, Shell stable isotope profiles, Growth age, Oyster, Bohai Bay

中图分类号:

P736.22

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Stable Isotope Sclerochronology Study of Oyster Shells