土地系统变化的空间尺度综合：贵州喀斯特高原案例研究方案

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2009.12.1301

“尺度”是认识世界和管理世界的一个重要视角，多尺度之间的相互关联是当前重要的学术前沿论题。尺度关联研究面临的主要问题是：①对scaling的理解不能局限于“尺度转换”或“尺度耦合”，而需要对不同尺度的多种复杂关系（“连通性”）有综合的认识；②要正确认识尺度综合的目标，据此明确综合什么，如何综合；③解决尺度综合的方法不能仅从数学模型着手。本文以贵州喀斯特高原土地系统变化为研究案例，设计一个对贵州省域、乌江流域、猫跳河流域和若干小流域等多空间尺度土地变化进行综合的研究方案，力图为解决上述问题作出贡献。该案例研究针对土地管理可持续性决策多尺度协调的实际需求，以不同尺度之间“连通性”的判定为基础，重新厘定尺度综合在土地变化科学中的意义和内涵；以定性和定量相结合的途径，建立尺度综合的方法体系，包括基于尺度综合目标的土地变化及其驱动力和效应多尺度表征与数据协调方法，各尺度土地变化及其驱动力和效应之间“连通性”的发现与论证，土地变化及其驱动力和效应的多尺度综合集成；提供喀斯特地区土地变化格局、过程及其驱动力和效应的尺度综合研究案例，提供省域、省内大流域、中流域、小流域土地管理可持续性决策多尺度协调的依据和参数标准。

关键词: 土地变化, 空间尺度, 连通性, 尺度综合, 贵州喀斯特高原

Scale is an important perspective for understanding and managing the world. Multi-scale relationship is a key frontier thesis in current scientific research. Scales relationship studies need to address the following issues: (i) Understanding of scaling can not be limited to scale conversion or scale coupling, it needs a comprehensive understanding for the complex relationship (connectivity) of a variety of different scales; (ii) It is necessary to correctly understand the goal of scales comprehension, and hereby to clarify what should be synthesized and how it be synthesized; (iii) The approach to integrate scales can not be mathematical model alone. This article takes the land system change in Guizhou Karst Plateau as a studied case, designing a research program for integrating the land changes at various scales, and struggling to contribute to address the above issues. Based upon results of accomplished researches such as the key project of National Natural Science Foudation of China, named Land Use/Cover Change and Its Impact to Sustainability of Land Use in the Karst Mountains of Southwest China, this case study struggles to integrate spatial scales of patterns, processes, drivers and impacts of land change at multi-scales of Guizhou Province, Wujiang River Basin, Miaotiao River Basin and several small catchments. Aiming at the actual need of multi-scales governence in sustainable land management, starting at the identification of complexity and connectivity between various scales, the concept and meanings of scales integration in land change science will be newly established, the methodology of scales integration will be devepoled by means of quantitative methods combined with qualitative methods. The research includes: (i) To develop methods of multi-scales representation and data connection of land changes, their drivers and impacts, aimed at scales integration; (ii) To detect and demonstrate the connectivity of land changes and their drivers and impacts between various scales; (iii) To integrate land changes, their drivers and impacts at various spatial scales; (iv) To provide a study case of spatial scales integration of land changes, their drivers and impacts on Karst Region in Southwest China; and (v) To search accordances and standards of multi-scales governence in sustainable land management at scales of provence, bigger river basin, middle river basin and small catchment.

Key words: Land change, Spatial scale, Connectivity, Scales integration, Guizhou Karst Plateau

中图分类号:

F301.2
P96

[1]Harvey D. Explanation in Geography[M]. London: Edward Arnold Ltd, 1969: 481-486.[哈维D.地理学中的解释[M].高泳源,刘立华,蔡运龙译.北京:商务印书馆, 1996: 576-582.]
[2]Holloway S L, Rice S P, Valentine G. Key Concepts in Geography[M]. London: Sage Publictions, 2003: 209-229.[霍洛韦, 赖斯, 瓦伦丁. 当代地理学要义[M]. 黄润华译.北京: 商务印书馆, 2008: 169-181.]
[3]Zhu Xiaohua, Li Jialin, Yang Xiuchun,et al. Scaling characteristics of land fractal structure[J].Geographical Science,2007, 27(1): 58-62.[朱晓华, 李加林, 杨秀春,等. 土地空间分形结构的尺度转换特征[J]. 地理科学，2007, 27(1): 58-62.]
[4]Turner B L, Skole D, Sanderson S, et al. Cover Change Science/Research Plan[R]. IGBP Report No.35, HDP Report 7. IGBP of the ICSU and HDP of the ISSC, Stockholm and Geneva, 1995.
[5]Li Xiubin. Explanation of land use change[J].Progress of Geographical Science,2002，21(3)：195-203.[李秀彬. 土地利用变化的解释[J]. 地理科学进展，2002，21(3)：195-203.]
[6]Veldkamp A, Lambin E F. Prediction land-use change[J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,2001，85: 1-6.
[7]Verburg P H, Schot P, Dijst M,et al. Land use change modeling:Current practice and research priorities[J].GeoJournal,2001, 61(4):309-324.
[8]Gutman G, Janetos A C, Justice C O, et al. Land Change Science: Observing, Monitoring and Understanding Trajectories of Change on the Earth's Surface[M]. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.
[9]GLP (Global Land Project). Global Land Project: Science Plan and Implementation Strategy[R]. IGBP Report No. 53/IHDP Report No. 19. IGBP Secretariat, Stockholm, 2005: 64.
[10]Rindfuss R R, Walsh S J, Turner Ⅱ B L, et al. Developing a science of land change: Challenges and methodological issues[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2004, 101: 13 976-13 981.
[11]McMahon G, Benjamin S P, Clarke K , et al. Geography for a Changing World-A Science Strategy for the Geographic Research of the US Geological Survey, 2005-2015[R]. Sioux Falls, SD: US Geological Survey Circular 1281, 2005:76.
[12]CCSP (Climate Change Science Program). Strategic plan for the US. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee for Global Change Research[R]. Washington DC, 2003：364.
[13]Jonathan A F, Ruth DeFries, Gregory P A, et al. Global consequences of land use[J].Science,2005, 309: 570-574.
[14]Cai Yunlong. Research on land use/land cover change: Seeking new approaches to integration[J].Geographical Research,2001,20(6):645-652.[蔡运龙. 土地利用/土地覆被变化研究：寻求新的综合途径[J].地理研究,2001,20(6): 645-652.]
[15]Cai Yunlong. Study on the ecological rehabilitation in the Karst Poverty Areas in China[J].Advances in Earth Science,1996，11(6): 603-606.[蔡运龙. 中国岩溶石山贫困地区的生态重建研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 1996，11(6): 603-606.]
[16]The State Council of People′s Republic of China. Long-term Planning Framework of National Scientific and Technological Development（2006-2020年）[Z]. 2005.[中华人民共和国国务院. 国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要（2006-2020年）[Z]. 2005.]
[17]Cai Yunlong. The innovation perspective of physical geography[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2000, 26 (4) : 576-582.[蔡运龙. 自然地理学的创新视角[J]. 北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2000, 26 (4) : 576-582.]
[18]Fu Bojie, Chen Liding, Wang Jun, et al. The structure of land use and ecological process[J].Quaternary Research, 2003, 23(3): 247-255.[傅伯杰,陈利顶,王军,等. 土地利用结构与生态过程[J]. 第四纪研究, 2003, 23(3): 247-255.]
[19]Aspinall R. Modeling land use change with generalized linear models-A multi-model analysis of change between 1860 and 2000 in Gallatin Valley, Montana[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2004, 72: 91-103.
[20]Steven M. North American land change: Decision making in couple human-environment systems[J]. GLP News,2008,3: 10-11.
[21]Shi Peijun, Chen Jin, Pan Yaozhong. Analysis of mechanism of land use change in Shenzhen[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2000，55(2):151-160.[史培军, 陈晋, 潘耀忠. 深圳市土地利用变化机制分析[J]. 地理学报,2000,55(2):151-160.]
[22]Yang Guishan. Analysis of the change trend and the prospect of dynamic balance of the total cropland number in the Yangtze River Delta[J].Journal of Natural Resources, 2002, 17(5): 525-532.[杨桂山. 长江三角洲耕地数量变化趋势及总量动态平衡前景分析[J].自然资源学报，2002, 17(5): 525-532.]
[23]Fu Bojie, Chen Liding, Cai Yunlong, et al. Research on Land-use Change and Sustainable Use in Regions around the Bohai Sea[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2004.[傅伯杰, 陈利顶, 蔡运龙,等. 环渤海地区土地利用变化及可持续利用研究[M].北京: 科学出版社, 2004.]
[24]He Chunyang, Shi Peijun, Li Jinggang, et al. Simulation of the future land-use change scenarios in North China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2004，59(4): 599-607.[何春阳,史培军,李景刚,等. 中国北方未来土地利用变化情景模拟[J]. 地理学报，2004，59(4): 599-607.]
[25]Peng Jian, Cai Yunlong. Land Use/Land Cover Change in the Karst Ecological Fragility Region: The Case Study of the Maotiao River Basin[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2007.[彭建, 蔡运龙.喀斯特生态脆弱区土地利用/覆被变化: 贵州猫跳河流域案例[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2007.]
[26]Xu Yueqing, Cai Yunlong, Peng Jian. Evaluation of Soil Erosion Effect of Land Use Change: A Case Study in the Karst Mountainous Region of the Southwestern China[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2008.[许月卿, 蔡运龙, 彭建. 土地利用变化的土壤侵蚀效应评价: 西南喀斯特山区的一个研究案例[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2008.]
[27]Lambin E F, Geist H J. Global land-use and land-cover change: What have we learned so far?[J].Global Change News Letter,2001, 46: 27-30.
[28]Zhang C, Yuan D X. New development of IGCP 448 world correlation of karst ecosystem (2000-2004)[J].Episodes,2001,24(4): 279-280.
[29]Veldkamp A, Fresco L O. CLUE-CR: An integrated multi-scale model to simulate land use change scenarios in Costa Rica[J].Ecological Modeling,1996, 91: 231-248.
[30]Veldkamp A,Fresco L O. Reconstructing land use drivers and their spatial scale dependence for Costa Rica[J].Agricultural Systems,1997, 55: 19-43.[31]Verburg P H, Soepboer W, Limpiada R, et al. Land use change modeling at the regional scale:The CLUE-S model[J].Environmental Management,2002, 30: 391-405.
[32]Ligtenberg A, Bregt A K, Lammeren R. Multi-actor-based land use modeling: Spatial planning using agents[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2001, 56: 21-33.
[33]Ligtenberg A, Wachowicz M, Bregt A K, et al. A design and application of a multi-agent system for simulation of multi-actor spatial planning[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2004, 72: 43-55.
[34]Gotts N, Pollihill J, et al. FEARLUS-W: An agent-based model of river basin land use and water management[EB/OL]. http:∥www.macaulay.ac.uk/fearlus/, 2002.
[35]Becu N, Perez P, Walker A, et al. Agent based simulation of a small catchment water management in northern Thailand: description of the CATCHSCAPE model[J].Ecological Modeling, 2003,170: 319-331.
[36]Parker D C, Manson S M, Janssen M A,et al. Multi-agent system models for the simulation of land-use and land-cover change: A review[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers,2003,93(2): 314-337.
[37]Evan T, Kelley H. Multi-scale analysis of a household level agent-based model of land cover change[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2004,72:57-72.
[38]Huigen M. First principles of the MameLuke multi-actor modeling framework for land-use change, illustrated with a Philippine case study[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2004, 72: 5-21.
[39]Brown D G, Page S E, Riolo R, et al. Path dependence and the validation of agent-based spatial models of land use[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2005, 19(2): 153-174.
[40]Chen Liding, Lü Yihe, Fu Bojie,et al. A research framework on landscape pattern analysis and scale conversion based upon pattern recognition[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006，26(3): 663-670.[陈利顶, 吕一河, 傅伯杰,等.基于模式识别的景观格局分析与尺度转换研究框架[J].生态学报,2006,26(3): 663-670.]
[41]Zhang Yongming, Zhao Shidong, Verburg P H. CLUE-S model and its application in the simulation of land use temporal and spatial dynamics in the Naiman Banner[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2003, 18(3): 310-318.[张永明,赵士洞,Verburg P H. CLUE-S模型及其在奈曼旗土地利用时空动态变化模拟中的应用[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(3): 310-318.]
[42]Duan Zengqiang, Verburg P H, Zhang Fengrong, et al. Dynamic simulation models of land use and their application: The case of Haidian, Beijing[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2004, 59(6): 1 037-1 047.[段增强, Verburg P H, 张风荣, 等.土地利用动态模拟模型及其应用——以北京市海淀区为例[J].地理学报，2004, 59(6): 1 037-1 047.]
[43]Cai Yumei, Liu Yansui, Yu Zhenrong, et al. Progress of spatial simulation of land use: CLUE-S model and it′s application[J].Progress in Geographical Science,2004, 23(4): 63-73.[蔡玉梅,刘彦随,宇振荣,等.土地利用变化空间模拟的进展-CLUE-S 模型及其应用[J].地理科学进展,2004,23(4): 63-73.]
[44]Peng Jian, Cai Yunlong, Verburg P H. Scenario simulation of land use/cover change in Karst mountain areas[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2007, 23(7): 64-70.[彭建, 蔡运龙, Verburg P H. 喀斯特山区土地利用/覆被变化情景模拟[J].农业工程学报,2007, 23(7): 64-70.]
[45]Zhao Wenwu, Fu Bojie, Chen Liding. Several basic issues in the study on scale conversion[J].Advances in Earth Science,2002, 17(6): 905-911.[赵文武, 傅伯杰, 陈利顶. 尺度推绎研究中的几点基本问题[J]. 地球科学进展, 2002, 17(6): 905-911.]
[46]Zhu Xiaohua, Cai Yunlong. The spatial fractal structure of land use and its mechanisms in China[J].Geographical Science,2005, 25(6):671-677.[朱晓华,蔡运龙.中国土地利用空间分形结构及其机制[J].地理科学,2005,25(6):671-677.]
[47]Zhu Xiaohua. The Fractal and Fractal Dimension of Geo-spatial Information[M]. Beijing: Survey and Mapping Press, 2007.[朱晓华.地理空间信息的分形与分维[M].北京：测绘出版社, 2007.]
[48]He Gang, Cai Yunlong. A research on the relationship between fractal dimensions of water system at different scales in China[J].Geographical Research,2006, 26(4): 461-465.[何钢, 蔡运龙.不同比例尺下中国水系分维数关系研究[J]. 地理科学，2006, 26(4): 461-465.]
[49]Li Shuangcheng, Cai Yunlong. A preliminary study on several issues of geographical scaling[J].Geographical Research,2005, 24(1):11-18.[李双成,蔡运龙.地理尺度转换若干问题的初步探讨[J]. 地理研究, 2005, 24(1): 11-18.]
[50]Bertalanffy L von. General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications[M]. New York: George Braziller, 1968.[贝塔朗菲 L von.一般系统论[M].秋同,袁嘉新译. 北京：社会科学文献出版社, 1987.]

[1]	李爱农, 边金虎, 尹高飞, 靳华安, 赵伟, 张正健, 南希, 雷光斌. 山地典型生态参量遥感反演建模及其时空表征能力研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(2): 141-151.
[2]	覃荣高, 曹广祝, 仵彦卿. 非均质含水层中渗流与溶质运移研究进展 ^*[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(1): 30-41.
[3]	任娟，肖洪浪，李锦秀，赵良菊，陆明峰，程国栋. 美国大尺度综合环境观测站网计划介绍及其相关研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2008, 23(3): 327-330.
[4]	吴江华，赵鹏祥，Nigel Roulet，Jonathan Seaquist，Peng Changhui. 空间尺度转换与跨尺度信息链接:区域生态水文模拟研究空间尺度转换方法综述[J]. 地球科学进展, 2008, 23(2): 129-141.
[5]	陈燕,齐清文,杨桂山. 地学信息图谱时空维的诠释与应用[J]. 地球科学进展, 2006, 21(1): 10-13.

阅读次数

全文

摘要

Spatial Scales Integration of Land System Change:A Case Study Design on Guizhou Karst Plateau