荒漠地区土壤初始状况对水平入渗的影响

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2003.04.0592

地球科学进展 ›› 2003, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (4): 592 -596. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2003.04.0592

荒漠地区土壤初始状况对水平入渗的影响

王新平,康尔泗,李新荣,张景光

中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所沙坡头沙漠试验研究站，甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2002-08-30 修回日期:2003-03-04 出版日期:2003-12-20
通讯作者: 王新平 E-mail:w_xinping@yahoo.com
基金资助:
中国科学院知识创新工程重点项目“西部生态环境演变规律与水土资源可持续利用研究”(编号:KZCX1-10-03-01);中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所知识创新项目“沙坡头固沙植被防护体系的稳定性问题与生态环境演变的研究”(编号:CACX210031);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目“中国北方沙漠化过程及其防治研究”(编号:G2000048704)资助.

THE INFLUENCE OF INITIAL SOIL CONDITIONS ON WATER PENETRATION AND SOIL MOISTURE DISTRIBUTION

Wang Xinping, Kang Ersi, Li Xinrong, Zhang Jingguang

Shapotou Desert Experimental Research Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2002-08-30 Revised:2003-03-04 Online:2003-12-20 Published:2003-08-01

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通过对沙坡头荒漠地区人工植被固沙区生物土壤结皮与固沙区外天然沙丘沙以及天然植被红砂、珍珠分布区砂粘土在不同初始含水率（θ_i）条件下土壤水平入渗过程的对比试验研究，探讨土壤质地以及θ i对水平入渗系数（λ_f）、剖面平均含水率（θ_m）状况的影响。生物土壤结皮对降水入渗量的截持作用大于沙丘沙，因而将显著地改变降水入渗过程中土壤水分的再分配格局，减少降水对深层土壤（沙丘沙）的有效补给。通过对土壤剖面平均含水率θ_m与距离湿润锋前缘0～5 cm、5～10 cm处体积含水率θ_fA、θ_fB比较，生物土壤结皮的θ_m、θ_fA和θ_fB分别约为沙丘沙的1．5倍。

关键词: 生物土壤结皮, 沙丘, 人工固沙区, 入渗, 荒漠地区

More than forty years of revegetation using mainly Artemisia ordosica, and Caragana korshinskii at Shapotou Desert Experimental Research Station near Lanzhou has established a dwarf-shrub and herbaceous cover on stabilized sand dunes. Situated in southeast Tengger desert at 1 330 m elevation, it has an average annual rainfall of 191 mm with 83% received from May to September. Precipitation, as the sole source of water replenishment in the semi-arid area, plays a pertinent role in sustaining the desert ecosystem. The water penetration experiment on soils of microbiotic crust, fine sandy loam and pure dune sand at different initial soil moisture content (θ_i) were conducted by the horizontal penetration equipment in the laboratory. The soil moisture distribution was tested by sampling core soil at an interval of 5 cm from the point of water entrance. The results indicated that, for the selected experimental soils, water penetration coefficient (λ_f) were decreased in response to an increased θ_i, respectively. The λ_f of sand was much more high as compared to that of microbiotic soil crust and sandy loam at every single θ_i. The sandy loam has a less sharp decline feature of λ_f with an increased θ_i, in comparing with that of microbiotic soil crust and dune sand. Due to the soil texture peculiarity, λ_f is 4 times in microbiotic soil crust than that in dune sand, in spite of initial soil moisture content. The microbiotic soil crust has a value of 1.5 times of average soil moisture content both along the soil profile and at a distance of 0~5 cm and 5~10 cm from the wetting front than that of dune sand. We may conclude that the microbiotic soil crust has a more hydrophilic property, which contributes a big majority proportion in retaining rainfall than dune sand does in Shapotou regions.

Key words: Microbiotic soil crust, Stabilized sand dune, Rainfall penetration, Soil moisture content.

中图分类号:

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