ZHANG Hua . IMPACT STRATIGRAPHY—AN INTRODUCTION[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2005 , 20(9) : 961 -969 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2005.09.0961

[1] Alvarez L W, Alvarez W, Asaro F,et al. Extraterrestrial cause for the Cretaceous Tertiary extinction[J].Science, 1980, 208(4 448):1 095-1 108.
[2] Montanari A, Koeberl C. Impact Stratigraphy: The Italian Record[M]. Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer,2000. 364.
[3] Earth impact database. Planetary and Space Science Centre of Department of Geology, University of New Brunswick[EB/OL]. http://www.unb.ca/passc/ImpactDatabase/CIDiameterSort.html,2005-04-13.
[4] Pierrard O, Robin E, Rocchia R,et al. Extraterrestrial Ni-rich spinel in upper Eocene sediments from Massignano, Italy[J].Geology, 1998, 26(4): 307-310.
[5] Glass B P, Liu S B, Montanari A. Impact ejecta in upper eocene deposits at Massignano, Italy[J].Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 2004, 39(4): 589-597.
[6] Olsen P E, Kent D V, Sues H D,et al. Ascent of dinosaurs linked to an iridium anomaly at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary[J].Science, 2002, 296(5 571): 1 305-1 307.
[7] Becker L, Poreda R J, Hunt A G,et al. Impact event at the Permian-Triassic boundary: Evidence from extraterrestrial noble gases in fullerenes[J].Science, 2001, 291(5 508): 1 530-1 533.
[8] Basu A R, Petaev M I, Poreda R J,et al. Chondritic meteorite fragments associated with the Permian-Triassic boundary in Antarctica[J].Science, 2003, 302(5 649): 1 388-1 392.
[9] Becker L, Poreda R J, Basu A R,et al. Bedout: A possible end-Permian impact crater offshore of northwestern Australia[J].Science, 2004, 304(5 676): 1 469-1 476.
[10] Claeys P, Casier J G, Margolis S V. Microtektites and mass extinctions: Evidence for a Late Devonian asteroid impact[J].Science, 1992, 257(5 073): 1 102-1 104.
[11] Wang K. Glassy microspherules (microtektites) from an Upper Devonian limestone[J].Science, 1992, 256(5 063): 1 547-1 550.
[12] Kyte F T, Shukolyukov A, Lugmair G W,et al. Early Archean spherule beds: Chromium isotopes confirm origin through multiple impacts of projectiles of carbonaceous chondrite type[J].Geology, 2003, 31(3): 283-286.
[13] Simonson B M. Petrographic criteria for recognizing certain types of impact spherules in well-preserved precambrian successions[J].Astrobiology, 2003, 3(1): 49-65.
[14] Hallam A, Wignall P B. Mass Extinctions and Their Aftermath[M]. New York: Oxford University Press,1997. 322.
[15] Wang Pujun, Liu Wanzhu, Shan Xuanlong,et al. Depositional Events: Introduction Example Application[M].Changchun: Jilin Science and Technology Press,2001. 181.[王璞君,刘万洙,单玄龙,等.事件沉积:导论、实例、应用[M].长春:吉林省科学技术出版社,2001.181.]
[16] Smit J. The global stratigraphy of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary impact ejecta[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 1999, 27: 75-113.
[17] Claeys P, Kiessling W, Alvarez W. Distribution of Chicxulub ejecta at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary[A]. In: Koeberl C,et al, eds. Catastrophic Events and Mass Extinctions; Impacts and Beyond[C]. Boulder: Geological Society of America,2002, GSA Special Paper 356: 55-68.
[18] Dypvik H, Jansa L F. Sedimentary signatures and processes during marine bolide impacts: A review[J].Sedimentary Geology, 2003, 161(3~4): 309.[19] Carter N L, Officer C B, Chesner C A,et al. Dynamic deformation of volcanic ejecta from the Toba caldera: Possible relevance to Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary phenomena[J].Geology, 1986, 14(5): 380-383.
[20] Montanari A, Hay R L, Alvarez W,et al. Spheroids at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary are altered impact droplets of basaltic composition[J].Geology, 1983, 11(11): 668-671.
[21] Bohor B F, Glass B P. Origin and diagenesis of K/T impact spherules-from Haiti to Wyoming and beyond[J].Meteoritics, 1995,30(2): 182-198.
[22] Robin E, Froget L, Jehanno C,et al. Evidence for a K/ T impact event in the Pacific Ocean[J].Nature, 1993, 363(6 430):615-617.
[23] Robin E, Bonte P, Froget L,et al. Formation of spinels in cosmic objects during atmospheric entry: A clue to the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary event[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1992, 108(4): 181-190.
[24] Koeberl C, Masaitis V L, Shafranovsky G I,et al. Diamonds from the Popigai impact structure, Russia[J].Geology, 1997, 25(11): 967-970.
[25] Carlisle D B, Braman D R. Nanometre-size diamonds in the Cretaceous/ Tertiary boundary clay of Alberta[J].Nature, 1991, 352(6 337): 708-709.
[26] Hough R M, Gilmour I, Pillinger C T,et al. Diamonds from the iridium-rich K-T boundary layer at Arroyo el Mimbral, Tamaulipas, Mexico[J].Geology, 1997, 25(11): 1 019-1 022.
[27] Simonson B M, Glass B P. Spherule layers-Records of ancient impacts[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 2004, 32: 329-361.
[28] Lowe D R, Byerly G R, Kyte F T,et al. Spherule beds 3.47-3.24 billion years old in the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa: A record of large meteorite impacts and their influence on early crustal and biological evolution[J].Astrobiology, 2003, 3(1): 7-48.
[29] Izett G A. Authigenic “spherules” in K-T boundary sediments at Caravaca, Spain, and Raton Basin, Colorado and New Mexico, may not be impact derived[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1987, 99(1): 78-86.
[30] Yin Hongfu, Huang Siji, Zhang Kexin,et al. Volcanism at the Permian—Triassic boundary in South China and its effects on mass extinction[J].Acta Geologica Sinica, 1989, 63(2): 168-181. [殷鸿福,黄思骥,张克信,等.华南二叠纪——三叠纪之交的火山活动及其对生物绝灭的影响[J].地质学报,1989,63(2):168-181.]
[31] Glass B P, Huber H, Koeberl C. Geochemistry of cenozoic microtektites and clinopyroxene-bearing spherules[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2004, 68(19): 3 971-4 006.
[32] Ganapathy R. A major meteorite impact on the Earth 65 million years ago: Evidence from the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary clay[J].Science, 1980, 209(4 459): 921-923.
[33] Mu oz-Espadas M J, Martinez-Frias J, Lunar R. Main geochemical signatures related to meteoritic impacts in terrestrial rocks: A review[A]. In: Koeberl Cet al, eds. Impact Markers in the Stratigraphic Record[C]. Berlin: Springer,2003.65-90.
[34] Shukolyukov A, Kyte F T, Lugmair G W,et al. The oldest impact deposits on Earth-First confirmation of an extraterrestrial component[A]. In: Gilmour Iet al, eds. Impacts and the Early Earth[C]. Berlin: Springer,2000,91: 99-115.
[35] Gilmour I. Geochemistry of carbon in terrestrial impact processes[A]. In: Grady M M，et al, eds. Meteorites; Flux with Time and Impact Effects[C]. London, United Kingdom: Geological Society of London,1998, 140: 205-216.
[36] Wolbach W S, Gilmour I, Anders E,et al. Global fire at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary[J].Nature, 1988, 334(6 184): 665-669.
[37] Li Zhuangfu, Qin Yong. Occurrence and genesis of natural fullerence[J].Advances in Earth Science, 2004, 19(4): 682-686.[李壮福,秦勇.天然富勒烯的地质产状与成因[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(4):682-686.]
[38] Heymann D, Chibante L P F, Brooks R R,et al. Fullerenes in the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary layer[J].Science, 1994, 265(5 172): 645-647.
[39] Becker L, Poreda R J, Bunch T E. Fullerenes: an extraterrestrial carbon carrier phase for noble gases[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 2000, 97(7): 2 979-2 983.
[40] Farley K A, Mukhopadhyay S. An extraterrestrial impact at the Permian-Triassic boundary?[J].Science, 2001,293(5 539): 2343.
[41] Sepkoski J J J. Mass extinctions in the Phanerozoic oceans: A review[A]. In: Silver Leon T，et al, eds. Geological Implications of Impacts of Large Asteroids and Comets on the Earth[C]. Boulder, CO, United States: Geological Society of America (GSA)，1982, 190: 283-289.
[42] Raup D M, Sepkoski J J Jr. Mass extinctions in the marine fossil record[J].Science, 1982, 215(4 539): 1 501-1 503.
[43] Raup D M, Sepkoski J J Jr, Stigler S M,et al. Testing for periodicity of extinction; discussion and reply[J].Science, 1988, 241(4 861): 94-99.
[44] Meldahl K H. Sampling, species abundance, and the stratigraphic signature of mass extinction: A test using Holocene tidal flat molluscs[J].Geology, 1990, 18(9): 890-893.
[45] Jin Y G, Wang Y, Wang W,et al. Pattern of marine mass extinction near the Permian-Triassic boundary in South China[J].Science, 2000, 289(5 478): 432-436.
[46] Simonson B M, Hassler S W, Beukes N J. Late Archean impact spherule layer in South Africa that may correlate with a Western Australian layer[A]. In: Dressler B Oet al, eds. Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary evolution; II[C]. Boulder: Geological Society of America,1999, Special Paper-339: 249-261.