Charcoal Morphology as a Proxy for Paleofire Reconstruction: A Review of Advances and Applications
Received date: 2025-05-27
Revised date: 2025-07-19
Online published: 2025-08-31
Supported by
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42271169)
Fire, an integral component of the Earth’s ecosystem, interacts closely with climate, vegetation, and human activities, profoundly influencing ecological environments and societal development. Paleofire research enhances our understanding of the complex relationships among fire, climate, and human activities, providing critical insights for addressing increasing wildfire risks under extreme climate events. Charcoal particles, as direct proxies for palaeofire activity, offer critical information through their morphological characteristics for reconstructing fuel sources, fire types, and fire environment feedback mechanisms. This review synthesizes current research on charcoal morphology and summarizes key findings. Simulated combustion experiments reveal significant morphological differences (shape characteristics and parameters) in charcoal particles derived from distinct fuel types (e.g., woody vs. herbaceous vegetation), with the Length-to-Width ration (L/W) proving effective for distinguishing vegetation types. Comprehensive analysis of simulated combustion data shows that charcoal from herbaceous plants exhibits a significantly larger ratio compared to charcoal from other vegetation types, with herbaceous charcoal typically exceeding ratios of 3~3.5. Although post-depositional processes and combustion temperatures may alter charcoal morphology, the L/W ratio remains a robust indicator for vegetation type identification. Thus, charcoal morphology provides a methodological approach for inferring fuel and fire types. Future efforts should focus on refining experimental protocols that simulate natural fire conditions, quantifying taphonomic biases, and integrating charcoal morphology with other paleoenvironmental proxies (e.g., pollen and stable carbon isotopes) to refine vegetation-fire-climate relationship reconstructions.
Key words： Length-to-Width ratio; Fire activity; Fuel type; Climate.
Haicheng ZHENG , Qiaoyu CUI , Jianhui CHEN . Charcoal Morphology as a Proxy for Paleofire Reconstruction: A Review of Advances and Applications[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2025 , 40(9) : 890 -901 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2025.075
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