Received date: 2024-03-11
Revised date: 2024-05-18
Online published: 2024-07-15
Supported by
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41925017)
The island arc and oceanic plateau models of a mantle plume are two popular models for the origin of the crust. In contrast to the island arc model, the oceanic plateau model can account for most of the features of the Archean crust but meets the fundamental challenge of explaining the water-rich features of the magma source for the Archean crust. The recent water-induced mantle overturn model accounts for not only water-rich features but also several puzzling phenomena in the Archean. The whole-mantle Magma Ocean (MO) separated into outer and basal MO because the crystallized mantle floated in the middle mantle. The water-induced mantle overturn model shows that with crystallization, basal MO became increasingly enriched in water because lower-mantle minerals can only contain a limited amount of water. Water reduced the density of basal MO. The basal MO eventually became less dense than the overlying solid mantle and became gravitationally unstable because of water enrichment. The triggered mantle overturned transport a large amount of water to the shallow part of the Earth and resulted in large pulses of crust and thick subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) generation. Therefore, the Archean crust was the result of the evolution of the basal MO. Once the mantle overturned from the basal MO, Archean-type crust no longer formed. Thus, the water-induced mantle overturn model can account for global change at the end of the Archean and other puzzling phenomena. For example, why were Tonalite-Trondhjemite-Granodiorite (TTG) and thick SCLM rare in the Hadean, why does the source of Archean basalts remain the primitive mantle from ca 4.0 to 2.5 Ga, and why does only Earth have continental crust?
Zhongqing WU . Water Induced Mantle Overturn and Origin of the Archean Crust[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2024 , 39(6) : 551 -564 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2024.044
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