Advances in Sea Surface Partial Pressure of CO2 Time-Series Studies
Received date: 2013-02-14
Revised date: 2013-04-19
Online published: 2013-08-10
The method of sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) timeseries studies is simply summarized, and the advances in indentifying pCO2controlling processes, revealing interannual variability in pCO2, monitoring the influence of some climatic events on pCO2, and estimating airsea CO2 fluxes based on timeseries studies are reviewed in detail. Generally, pCO2 time-series studies are conducted by ship-based investigation and autonomous buoy CO2 measurement. Besides some qualitative observation of irregular and episodic events that influence pCO2, timeseries study could quantitively calculate separate contribution of various controlling processes to pCO2 variation, which is of importance for revealing pCO2 controlling mechanisms. Moreover, time-series studies on interannual time-scales show that human activities have caused the increase of sea surface pCO2. As well, El Nio and La Nina events could significantly influence sea surface pCO2 and air-sea CO2 fluxes. In addition, it is crucial to conduct time-series studies for improving the estimation of air-sea CO2 fluxes.
Wang Huiwu , Xue Liang , Yu Weidong , Ning Chunlin . Advances in Sea Surface Partial Pressure of CO2 Time-Series Studies[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2013 , 28(8) : 859 -865 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2013.08.0859
[1]Sabine C L, Feely R A, Gruber N, et al. The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2[J]. Science, 2004, 305: 367-371.
[2]Gruber N, Gloor M, Mikaloff Fletcher S E, et al. Oceanic sources, sinks, and transport of atmospheric CO2[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2009: GB1005, doi: 10.1029/2008GB003349.
[3]Takahashi T, Sutherland S C, Wanninkhof R, et al. Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans[J]. Deep-Sea Research Ⅱ, 2009, 56 (8/10): 554-577.
[4]Vandemark D, Salisbury J E, Hunt C W, et al. Temporal and spatial dynamics of CO2 air-sea flux in the Gulf of Maine[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2011, 116: C01012, doi: 10.1029/2010JC006408.
[5]Xue L, Zhang L, Cai W J, et al. Air-sea CO2 fluxes in the southern Yellow Sea: An examination of the continental shelf pump hypothesis[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2011, 31: 1 904-1 914.
[6]Zhang L, Xue L, Song M, et al. Distribution of the surface partial pressure of CO2 in the southern Yellow Sea and its controls[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2010, 30: 293-304.
[7]Dai M, Lu Z, Zhai W, et al. Diurnal variations of surface seawater pCO2 in contrasting coastal environments[J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 2009, 54(3): 735-745.
[8]Yan Hongqiang, Yu Kefu, Shi Qi, et al. Coral reef systems in the South China Sea as a source of atmospheric CO2[J]. China Science Bulletin, 2011, 56(6): 414-422.[严宏强,余克服,施祺,等. 南海珊瑚礁夏季是大气 CO2的源[J].科学通报, 2011, 56(6): 414-422.]
[9]Boyd P W, Doney S C. The impac of climate change and feedback Process on the Ocean Carbon Cycle[C]∥Fasham M J R, ed. Ocean Biogeochemistry.Berlin: Springer, 2003: 157-193.
[10]Doney S C, Tilbrook B, Roy S, et al. Surface-ocean CO2 variability and vulnerability[J]. Deep-Sea Research Ⅱ, 2009, 56(8/10): 504-511.
[11]Ducklow H W, Doney S C, Steinberg D K. Contributions of long-term research and time-series observations to marine ecology and biogeochemistry[J]. Annual Review of Marine Science, 2009, 1(1): 279-302.
[12]Bates N R, Takahashi T, Chipman D W, et al. Variability of pCO2 on diel to seasonal timescales in the Sargasso Sea near Bermuda[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1998, 103(C8): 15 567-15 585.
[13]Bates N R. Interannual variability of the oceanic CO2 sink in the subtropical gyre of the North Atlantic Ocean over the last 2 decades[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2007, 112(C9): C9013.
[14]Santana-Casiano J M, González-Dávila M, Rueda M, et al. The interannual variability of oceanic CO2 parameters in the northeast Atlantic subtropical gyre at the ESTOC site[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2007, 21: GB1015, doi: 10.1029/2006GB002788.
[15]Keeling C D, Brix H, Gruber N. Seasonal and long-term dynamics of the upper ocean carbon cycle at Station ALOHA near Hawaii[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2004, 18: GB4006, doi: 10.1029/2004GB002227.
[16]Sheu D D, Chou W, Wei C, et al. Influence of El Niño on the sea-to-air CO2 flux at the SEATS time-series site, northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2010, 115: C10021, doi:10.1029/2009JC006013.
[17]Friederich G E, Brewer P G, Herlien R, et al. Measurement of sea surface partial pressure of CO2 from a moored buoy[J]. Deep-Sea Research Ⅰ, 1995, 42(7): 1 175-1 186.
[18]Willcox S, Meinig C, Sabine C L, et al. An autonomous mobile platform for underway surface carbon measurements in open-ocean and coastal waters[C]∥Proceedings of MTS/IEEE Oceans 2009 Conference. Biloxi, MS,2009.
[19]Leinweber A, Gruber N, Frenzel H, et al. Diurnal carbon cycling in the surface ocean and lower atmosphere of Santa Monica Bay, California[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2009, 36:L08601, doi: 10.1029/2008GL037018.
[20]Johnson K S. Simultaneous measurements of nitrate, oxygen, and carbon dioxide on oceanographic moorings: Observing the redfield ratio in real time[J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 2010, 55(2): 615-627.
[21]Nemoto K, Midorikawa T, Wada A, et al. Continuous observations of atmospheric and oceanic CO2 using a moored buoy in the East China Sea: Variations during the passage of typhoons[J]. Deep-Sea Research Ⅱ, 2009, 56(8/10): 542-553.
[22]Merlivat L, Brault P. CARIOCA buoy: Carbon dioxide monitor[J]. Sea Technology, 1995, 36(10): 23-30.
[23]Lefèvre N, Ciabrini J P, Michard G, et al. A new optical sensor for pCO2 measurements in seawater[J]. Marine Chemistry, 1993, 42(3/4): 189-198.
[24]Degrandpre M D, Hammar T R, Smith S P, et al. In situ measurements of seawater pCO2[J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 1995, 40(5): 969-975.
[25]Turk D, Mala I V, Degrandpre M D, et al. Carbon dioxide variability and air-sea fluxes in the northern Adriatic Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2010, 115: C10043, doi: 10.1029/2009JC006034.
[26]Kuss J, Roeder W, Wlost K P, et al. Time-series of surface water CO2 and oxygen measurements on a platform in the central Arkona Sea (Baltic Sea): Seasonality of uptake and release[J]. Marine Chemistry, 2006, 101(3/4): 220-232.
[27]Körtzinger A, Send U, Lampitt R S, et al. The seasonal pCO2 cycle at 49°N/16.5°W in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and what it tells us about biological productivity[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2008, 113: C04020, doi: 10.1029/2007JC004347.
[28]Körtzinger A, Send U, Wallace D W R, et al. Seasonal cycle of O2 and pCO2 in the central Labrador Sea: Atmospheric, biological, and physical implications[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2008, 22: GB1014, doi: 10.1029/2007GB003029.
[29]Martz T R, Degrandpre M D, Strutton P G, et al. Sea surface pCO2 and carbon export during the Labrador Sea spring-summer bloom: An in situ mass balance approach[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2009, 114: C09008, doi: 10.1029/2008JC005060.
[30]Degrandpre M D, Krtzinger A, Send U, et al. Uptake and sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in the Labrador Sea deep convection region[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2006, 33: L21S03, doi: 10.1029/2006GL026881.
[31]Evans W, Hales B, Strutton P G. Seasonal cycle of surface ocean pCO2 on the Oregon shelf[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2011, 116: C05012, doi: 10.1029/2010JC006625.
[32]Merlivat L, Gonzalez Davila M, Caniaux G, et al. Mesoscale and diel to monthly variability of CO2 and carbon fluxes at the ocean surface in the northeastern Atlantic[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2009, 114: C03010, doi: 10.1029/2007JC004657.
[33]Parard G, Lefèvre N, Boutin J. Sea water fugacity of CO2 at the PIRATA mooring at 6° S, 10° W[J]. Tellus B, 2010, 62:636-648.
[34]Lefèvre N, Guillot A, Beaumont L, et al. Variability of fCO2 in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic from a moored buoy[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2008, 113: C01015, doi: 10.1029/2007JC004146.
[35]Bakker D C E, Etcheto J, Boutin J, et al. Variability of surface water fCO2 during seasonal upwelling in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean as observed by a drifting buoy[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2001, 106: 9 241-9 253.
[36]Copin-Montégut C, Bégovic M, Merlivat L. Variability of the partial pressure of CO2 on diel to annual time scales in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea[J]. Marine Chemistry, 2004, 85(3/4): 169-189.
[37]Shadwick E H, Thomas H, Azetsu-Scott K, et al. Seasonal variability of dissolved inorganic carbon and surface water pCO2 in the Scotian Shelf region of the Northwestern Atlantic[J]. Marine Chemistry, 2012, 124: 23-37.
[38]Xue L, Xue M, Zhang L, et al. Surface partial pressure of CO2 and air-sea exchange in the northern Yellow Sea[J]. Journal of Marine Systems, 2012,(105/108): 194-206.
[39]Zhang L, Xue M, Liu Q. Distribution and seasonal variation in the partial pressure of CO2 during autumn and winter in Jiaozhou Bay, a region of high urbanization[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2012, 64:56-65.
[40]Chierici M, Fransson A, Nojiri Y. Biogeochemical processes as drivers of surface fCO2 in contrasting provinces in the subarctic North Pacific Ocean[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2006, 20: GB1009, doi: 10.1029/2004GB002356.
[41]Takahashi T, Olafsson J, Goddard J G, et al. Seasonal variation of CO2 and nutrients in the high-latitude surface oceans: A comparative study[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1993, 7(4): 843-878.
[42]Keeling C D, Whorf T P, Wahlen M, et al. Interannual extremes in the rate of rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide since 1980[J]. Nature, 1995, 375(6 533): 666-670.
[43]Bates N R. Interannual variability of oceanic CO2 and biogeochemical properties in the Western North Atlantic subtropical gyre[J]. Deep-Sea Research Ⅱ, 2001, 48(8/9): 1 507-1 528.
[44]Wakita M, Watanabe S, Watanabe Y W, et al. Temporal change of dissolved inorganic carbon in the subsurface water at station KNOT (44 °N, 155 °E) in the western North Pacific subpolar region[J]. Journal of Oceanography, 2005, 61(1): 129-139.
[45]Wong C S, Christian J R, Emmy Wong S K, et al. Carbon dioxide in surface seawater of the eastern North Pacific Ocean (line P), 1973-2005[J]. Deep-Sea Research Ⅰ, 2010, 57: 687-695.
[46]Wanninkhof R, Asher W E, Ho D T, et al. Advances on quantifying air-sea gas exchange and envirommental forcing[J]. Annual Review of Marine Science, 2009, 1: 213-244.
/
〈 |
|
〉 |