Summary on the Main Agro-Meteorological Disasters in Northern China Index Research
Received date: 2012-11-13
Revised date: 2013-03-25
Online published: 2013-06-10
This paper summarizes some common agrometeorological disasters in Northern China: drought, dryhot wind, cold damage and frost injury. In view of these four types of disasters, we classify and describe their indexes. Among them, the introduction of drought indexes are more detailed and comprehensive. The drought indexes are divided into five categories that are monitoring, defense, economic losses, the level of socioeconomic development and the progress of science & technology from different angles, which are described respectively. For cold damage, at present, the delayed-type of cold damage mainly has six types, and this paper introduces only five types, with a brief description of the most common types of cold damage indexes. Frost effects on crops are not only associated with the intensity and duration of frost but also with different crop types. Therefore, frost indexes of different crops are not the same, and the indexes of frost are mostly given a specific criterion for different crops; Dry hot wind is the most serious impact on wheat in North China. This paper summarizes the indexes of dry-hot wind from the four meteorological, discriminant, hazard and defense aspects. These four types of meteorological disasters occur frequently in northern China, particularly causing severe impact on the local agricultural production. This paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of different indexes, and puts forward some problems and improvement direction of the disaster indexes. At the same time, we try to lay a foundation for the formation of the northern region index system of agro-meteorological disasters, and provide a foundation in disasters supervision and assessment as well as supply a reference for preventing and mitigating the disasters.
Key words： Drought; Dry-hot wind; Cold damage; Frost injury; Index
Xiao Weiyu , Wang Lianxi , Kong Jianwen , Li Qi . Summary on the Main Agro-Meteorological Disasters in Northern China Index Research[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2013 , 28(6) : 627 -636 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2013.06.0627
[1]Cai Yunlong. Sensitivity and adaptation of chinese agriculture under global climate change[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica，1996，51(3):202-212.[蔡运龙.全球气候变化下中国农业的脆弱性与适应对策[J].地理学报，1996，51(3):202-212.]
[2]IPCC. Impacts，Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[R]. Brussels: IPCC，2007.
[3]Zhang Qian，Zhao Yanxia，Wang Chunyi. Advances in research on major agro-meteorological disaster indexes in China[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters，2010，19(16):40-54.[张倩，赵艳霞，王春乙.我国主要农业气象灾害指标研究进展[J].自然灾害学报，2010，19(16):40-54.]
[4]American Meteorological Society. Meteorological drought—Policystatement[J]. Bulletin of American Meteorological Society，1997，78:847-849.
[5]Yao Zhensheng， Ding Yuguo. Climate Statistics[M]. Beijing: Meteorological Press，1990.[么枕生，丁裕国.气候统计[M].北京:气象出版社，1990.]
[6]Zhang Cunjie， Wang Baoling，Liu Dexiang，et al.Research on drought and flood indices in the Northwest China[J]. Plateau Meteorology，1998，17(4):381-389.[张存杰，王宝灵，刘德祥，等.西北地区旱涝指标的研究[J].高原气象，1998，17(4):381-389.]
[7]Qiu Baojian，Lu Qiyao. Agro-climatic Conditions and Its Indicators[M]. Beijing: Surveying and Mapping Press，1990.[丘宝剑，卢其尧.农业气候条件及其指标[M].北京:测绘出版社，1990.]
[8]Kang Shaozhong，Xiong Yunzhang. Crop water status of discriminant method and irrigation index research[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering， 1991,(1):34-39.[康绍忠，熊运章.作物缺水状况的判别方法与灌水指标的研究[J].水利学报，1991,(1):34-39.]
[9]Sun Rongqiang. Definitions of drought and reviews on its index[J]. Journal of Catastrophology，1994，3(1):17-21.[孙荣强.干旱定义及其指标评述[J].灾害学，1994，3(1):17-21.]
[10]Sun Rongqiang. Drought evaluation and disastrous index[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters，1994，3(3):49-55.[孙荣强.旱情评定与灾情指标之探讨[J].自然灾害学报，1994，3(3):49-55.]
[11]Zhang Zhengbin，Shan Lun. Research development in estimation models of crop water use efficiency and transpiration and evaporation[J]. Agricultural Reseach in the Arid Areas，1997，15(1):73-76.[张正斌，山仑.作物水分利用效率和蒸发蒸腾估算模型的研究进展[J].干旱地区农业研究，1997，15(1):73-76.]
[12]Feng Ping，Li Shaofei，Wang Zhongjue. Summary on drought identification and analysis index[J]. China Rural Water and Hydropower，2002,(7):13-15.[冯平，李绍飞，王仲珏.干旱识别与分析指标综述[J].中国农村水利水电，2002,(7):13-15.]
[13]Li Xingmin，Yang Wenfeng，Gao Bei，et al. Study and application of operational meteorology and agriculture drought indexes in China[J]. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition)，2007，35(7):111-116.[李星敏，杨文峰，高蓓，等.气象与农业业务干旱指标的研究与应用现状[J].西北农林科技大学学报：自然科学版，2007，35(7):111-116.]
[14]Willeke G， Hcsking J R M，Wallis J R，et al. The National Drought Atlas[R].Virginia: Institute for Water Resources Report 94-NDS-4，U.S. Army Corps of Engineers，Fort Belvoir，VA，1994:587.
[15]Fan Jiaquan, Zheng Jianfei. Palmer meteorological drought research methods[J]. Meteorological Science and Technology，1984，12(1):63-71.[范嘉泉，郑剑非.帕默尔气象干旱研究方法介绍[J].气象科技，1984，12(1):63-71.]
[16]Huang Miaofen. A drought severty model for the northwest Loess Plateau[J]. Meteorology，1990，17(1):23-28.[黄妙芬.黄土高原西北部地区的旱度模式[J].气象，1990，17(1):23-28.]
[17]Yang Xiaoli，Yang Xingguo，Ma Pengli，et al. Modification and applications of PDSI for mid and eastern Gansu Province[J]. Advances in Earth Science，2005，20(9):1 022-1 028.[杨小利，杨兴国，马鹏里,等.PSDI在甘肃中东部的地区的修正和应用[J].地球科学进展，2005，20(9):1 022-1 028.]
[18]Yuan Wenping， Zhou Guangsheng. The oratical study and research prospect on drought indices[J]. Advances in Earth Science，2004，19(6):982-991.[袁文平，周广胜.干旱指标的理论分析与研究展望[J].地球科学进展，2004，19(6):982-991.]
[19]Ohlsson L. Environment，Scarcity and Conflict: A Study of Malthusian Concerns[D]. Sweden: University of Gothenburg，1999.
[20]Dong Kebao. Strategies and measures for the sustainable development and utilization of rural water resources[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology，2007,(2):121-122,124.[董克宝.农村水资源可持续开发利用对策与措施探讨[J]. 现代农业科技，2007,(2):121-122,124.]
[21]Wang Chunyi. Research Progress on Major Agricultural Meteorological Disasters[M]. Beijing: Meteorological Press，2007.[王春乙.重大农业气象灾害研究进展[M].北京:气象出版社，2007.]
[22]Liu Liangming. The Research of Remote Sensing Drought Prediction Model Based on EOS MODIS Data[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University，2004.[刘良明.基于EOS MODIS数据的遥感干旱预警模型研究[D].武汉:武汉大学，2004.]
[23]Wang Xiaoping，Guo Ni. Some research advances and methods on drought monitoring by remote sensing[J]. Arid Meteorology，2003，21(4):76-81.[王小平，郭铌.遥感监测干旱的方法及研究进展[J].干旱气象，2003，21(4):76-81.]
[24]Li Cuijin. Abnormal drought climate events and the assessing model of impacts on agriculture[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica，2000，55(Suppl.):39-45.[李翠金.异常干旱气候事件及其对农业影响评估模式[J].地理学报，2000，55(增刊):39-45.]
[25]Xi Zhuxiang，Liu Shi. Jilin Province agricultural flood caused the loss of meteorological factors analysis and evaluation method research[J]. Jilin Meteorology，2006,(1):16-17.[袭祝香，刘实.吉林省洪涝造成农业损失的气象影响因素分析及评估方法研究[J].吉林气象，2006,(1):16-17.]
[26]Song Changqing. Water resources in Northwest China: Shortages and Low Utilization of the Embarrassed [EB/OL]. [2012-10-28].http:∥www.mwr.gov.cn/sldq/slgcjslyxmxxgk/201006/t20100621_225716.html. [宋常青.西北地区水资源：短缺和低水平利用的尴尬[EB/OL]. [2012-10-28].http:∥www.mwr.gov.cn/sldq/slgcjslyxmxxgk/201006/t20100621_225716.html.]
[27]Xu Deyuan， Xu Guangling， Ren Shuilian. 1980s the impact of climate change on agricultural production in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Meteorology，1992，15(6):26-31.[徐德源，徐广玲，任水莲.80年代新疆气候变化对农业生产的影响[J].新疆气象，1992，15(6):26-31.]
[28]Li Yingchun. The heat conditions of cotton regions in autumn and its effects on cotton yield in Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment，2001，15(2):44-49.[李迎春.新疆棉区秋季热量条件及其对棉花产量的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境，2001，15(2):44-49.]
[29]He Qing，Yuan Yujiang，Li Xinjian. Effect of heat quantity change on cotton yield of major cotton area in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural University，2000，23(4):27-36.[何清，袁玉江，李新建.新疆主产棉区热量变化及对棉花生产的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报，2000，23(4):27-36.]
[30]Yuan Yujiang，Li Xinjian，He Qing. Analysis of temperature elements affecting per unit area output of cotton in Akesu cotton region[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology， 2001，22(1):34-38.[袁玉江，李新建，何清.影响阿克苏棉区棉花单产的温度要素分析[J].中国农业气象，2001，22(1):34-38.]
[31]Chen Yueyi，Guo Jianping. Stepwise regression prediction model for cotton cold damage in Xinjiang[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology，2008，29(4):485-490.[陈玥熤，郭建平.新疆棉花低温冷害逐步回归预测模型[J].中国农业气象，2008，29(4):485-490.]
[32]Ding Shisheng. The northeast cold chilling injury and food production[J]. Meteorological，1980，6(5):1-3.[丁士晟.东北低温冷害和粮食产量[J].气象，1980，6(5):1-3.]
[33]Ding Shisheng. The climatic analysis of low temperature in summer over the Northeast China and influence for agricultural[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica，1980，38(3):234-242.[丁士晟.东北地区夏季低温的气候分析及其对农业生产的影响[J].气象学报，1980，38(3):234-242.]
[34]Wang Shuyu. Chilling injury zonation of crops in Northeast China[J]. Meteorological，1982，8(6):26-28.[王书裕.东北区作物冷害区划[J].气象，1982，8(6):26-28.]
[35]Sun Yuting， Wang Shuyu，Yang Yongqi. Studies on cool summer and crop yield in Northeast China[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica，1983，4(3):313-321.[孙玉亭，王书裕，杨永岐.东北地区作物冷害的研究[J].气象学报，1983，4(3):313-321.]
[36]Ma Shuqing，Wang Qi，Wang Lianmin，et al. Rice flowering period infertility evaluation model of experimental research[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica，2000，58(Suppl.):954-960.[马树庆，王琪，王连敏，等.水稻开花期不育评估模式的试验研究[J].气象学报，2000，58(增刊):954-960.]
[37]Qi Laifu. The analysis of northeast cold damage[J]. Meteorological Science and Technology，1979，7(3):25-28.[亓来福.东北低温冷害的分析研究[J].气象科技，1979，7(3):25-28.]
[38]Wang Shuyu. Research of Crop Damage[M]. Beijing: Meteorological Press，1995.[王书裕.作物冷害的研究[M].北京:气象出版社，1995.]
[39]Ji Shuqin，Zhang Yushu，Guan Dexin，et al. Remote sensing monitoring on crop chilling damage and meteorological prediction[J]. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University，1998，29(1):16-20.[吉书琴，张玉书，关德新，等.辽宁地区作物低温冷害的遥感监测和气象预报[J].沈阳农业大学学报，1998，29(1):16-20.]
[40]Zhu Guixiang， Jia Yanmei，Pu Chengguo. Chilling damage in Yanbian area and its forecast experience summary[J]. Jilin Meteorology，1999，(Suppl.):39-40.[朱桂香，贾艳梅，朴承国.延边地区的低温冷害及其预报经验总结[J].吉林气象，1999，(增刊):39-40.]
[41]Li Yijun，Wang Chunyi. An integrated maize chilling damage forecast model based on the multi-prediction model[J]. Journal of Catastrophology，2006，21(4):1-7.[李祎君，王春乙.基于多种预测模型的玉米低温冷害预测集成模型[J].灾害学，2006，21(4):1-7.]
[42]Li Yijun， Wang Chunyi. Research on comprehensive index of chilling damage to corn in Northeast China [J]. Journal of Natural Disasters，2007，16(6):15-20.[李祎君，王春乙.东北地区玉米低温冷害综合指标研究[J].自然灾害学报，2007，16(6):15-20.]
[43]Zhang Bingwu. Research progress of main meteorological disasters in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Meteorology，1991，17(5):1-5.[张丙午.新疆主要气象灾害研究的进展[J].新疆气象,1991，17(5):1-5.]
[44]Zhang Xiaoyu，Ma Yuping，Su Zhansheng，et al. Experiments on frost injuries of main crops in Ningxia Province[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment，2001，15(2):50-54.[张晓煜，马玉平，苏占胜，等.宁夏主要作物霜冻试验研究[J].干旱区资源与环境，2001，15(2):50-54.]
[45]Li Maosong，Wang Daolong，Zhong Xiuli, et al. Current situation and prospect of research on frost of winter wheat[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters，2005，14(4):72-78.[李茂松，王道龙，钟秀丽,等.冬小麦霜冻害研究现状与展望[J].自然灾害学报，2005，14(4):72-78.]
[46]Sang Jianren，Shu Zhiliang，Qiu Wang. The frost characteristics in Ningxia in the recent 44 years[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment，2008，22(12):97-102.[桑建人，舒志亮，邱旺.近44a宁夏霜冻特征[J].干旱区资源与环境，2008，22(12):97-102.]
[47]Yuan Dongzhen. Dry hot wind hazards and preventive measures of wheat[J]. Shaanxi Agricultural Science，2011,(6):171-172.[袁冬贞.干热风对小麦的危害及预防措施[J].陕西农业科学,2011,(6):171-172.]
[48]An Wenzhi. Dry hot wind hazards and prevention measures of wheat in Gansu[J].Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology，2006,(8):67-69.[安文芝.甘肃麦区干热风的危害及防御措施[J].甘肃农业科技，2006,(8):67-69.]
[49]Dong Yongxiang. Climate and Agriculture in Ningxia[M]. Yinchuan: Ningxia People’s Publishing House，1986.[董永祥.宁夏气候与农业[M].银川:宁夏人民出版社，1986.]
[50]Liu Jing， Ma Liwen，Zhang Xiaoyu，et al. Index of monitoring droop of spring wheat on irrigated areas in Ningxia[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops，2003，23(2):65-68.[刘静，马力文，张晓煜,等.宁夏引黄灌区小麦青干指标研究[J].麦类作物学报，2003，23(2):65-68.]
[51]Liu Jing，Ma Liwen，Zhang Xiaoyu，et al. A study on index of moultoring for xerothermic wind disaster of spring wheat in the irrigated areas of Ningxia[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology，2003，24(3):11-14.[刘静，马力文，张晓煜,等.宁夏引黄灌区小麦干热风监测指标研究[J].中国农业气象，2003，24(3):11-14.]
[52]The Northern Wheat Dry Hot Wind Research Collaboration Group. Wheat Dry Hot Wind [M]. Beijing: Meteorological Press，1988.[北方小麦干热风科研协作组.小麦干热风[M].北京:气象出版社，1988.]
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
甘公网安备62010202000687
