ABUNDANCE ANOMALIES AND DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF PLATINUM-GROUP ELEMENTS AT THE K/T BOUNDARY AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL IMPACT ORIGIN
Received date: 1997-12-09
Revised date: 1998-10-05
Online published: 1999-02-01
In the K/T boundary layers at all parts of the world,not only was there tremendous iridium anomaly,but the contents of other platinum-group elements were enriched multiply as well.Additionally,the distribution patterns of PGEs were essentially consistent with extraterrestrial matter.The available data show that the PGEs exist primarily in forms of exchangeable phases and hard-soluble metals in K/T boundary clay,and extremely depleted in sulfides and silicates.These are quite different from any terrestrial samples,but similar with extraterrestrial materials.Coupled with the extensive existence of ultra-high pressure minerals,shocked glass and microtektites,it is suggested that the extraterrestrial impact event at the end of Cretaceous is unquestionable.
MA Peixue,GAO Honglin,HOU Quanlin . ABUNDANCE ANOMALIES AND DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF PLATINUM-GROUP ELEMENTS AT THE K/T BOUNDARY AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL IMPACT ORIGIN[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 1999 , 14(1) : 24 -30 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.1999.01.0024
1 Alvarez L W,Alvarez W,Asaro F,et al.Extraterrestrial cause for the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction:Experimental results and theoretical interpretation.Science,1980,208(4448):1095~1108.
2 马配学,柴之芳,毛雪瑛,等.地外撞击作用和地球灾变环境.地质论评,1995,41(1):20~27.
3 Zoller W H,Parrington J R,Phelan Zkotra J M.Iridium enrichment in airborne particles from Kilauea Volcano.Science,1983,222:1118~1121.
4 Sutherland F L.Volcanism around K/T boundary time—its role in an impact scenario for the K/T extinction events.Earth-Science Reviews,1994,36:1~26.
5 Ganagathy R.A major meteorite impact on the earth 65 million years ago:evidence from the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary clay.Science,1980,209:921~923.
6 Kyte F T,Chou Z,Wasson J T.Siderophile-enriched sediments from the Cretaceoustertiary boundary. Nature,1980,288:651~656.
7 Alvarez W,Alvarez L W,Asaro F,et al.Current status of the impact theory for the terminal Cretaceous extinction. Geol Soc Am Spec Pap,1982,190:305~315.
8 Smit J.Extinction and evolution of planktonic foraminifera after a major impact at the Cretaceous/Teritary boundary. Geol Soc Am Spec Pap,1982,190:329~315.
9 Kastner M,Alvarez W.The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary clay at Steven Klint,Denmark,and DSDP Hole 465A.Science,1984,226:137~143.
10 Kyte F T,Smit J,Wasson J T.Siderophile interelement variations in the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary sediments from Caravaca,Spain.Earth Planet Sci Lett, 1985,73:183~195.
11 Brooks R R,Reeves R D,Yang X H,et al.Elemental anomalies at the K/T boundary,Woodside Creek,New Zealand.Science,1984,226:539~542.
12 Mao X Y,Chai Z F,Ma J G.Ir/Au ratio indicator of origin of geological event.Meteoritics,1989,24:289.
13 Strong C P,Brooks R R,Wilson S M,et al.A new Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary site at Flaxbourne River,New Zealand:biostrati-graphy and geochemistry. Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 1987, 51:2769~2777.
14 Tredoux M,De Wit M J,Lindsay N M,et al.Chemostratigraphy across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary and a critical assessment of the Iridium anomaly.J Geology,1989,97:585~605.
15 Evans N J,Gregoire D C,Grieve R A F,et al.Use of platinumgroup elements for impactor identification: Terrestrial impact craters and Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. Geochim Cosmochim Acta,1993,57:3337~3748.
16 Zhifang Chai,Ping Kong,Xueying Mao,et al.Chemical species of Iridium and other trace elements at K-T boundary clay layer,Stevns Klint,Denmark,and its implication.Science in China(Series B),1991,34(12):1492-1499.
17 孔屏,柴之芳.白垩—第三纪界线样品异常铱的赋存状态及其意义.地质科学,1993,28(1):87~91.
18 柴之芳,孔屏,毛雪瑛,等.丹麦Stevns Klint K-T界线粘土层中铱和其它微量元素的赋存状态和启示.中国科学(B辑),1991,(3):307-313.
19 Evans N J,Gregoire D C,Grieve R A F,et al.The Cretaceous-Tertiary fireball layer and coal seam:Platinum-group element content and mineralogy of size fractions.Meteoritics,1994,29(2):223~235.
20 Schmitz B.Metal precipitation in the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary clay at Stevns Klint,Denmark.Geochim Cosmochim Acta,1985,49:2361-2370.
21 Schmitz B.Origin of microlayering in worldwide distributed Ir-rich marine Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary clays. Geology, 1988, 16:1068~1072.
22 Montanari A,Hay R L,Alvarez W,et al.Spheroids at the K/T boundary are altered impact droplets of basaltic composition.Geology,1983,17:338-671.
23 Robin E,Froget L,Jehanno C,et al.Evidence for a K/T impact event in the Pacific Ocean.Nature,1993,363:615~617.
24 Doehne E,Margolis S V.Trace-element geochemistry and mineralogy of the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary:Identification of extrater-restrial components·Geol Soc Am Spec Pap,1990,247:367~382.
25 Officer C B,Drake C L.Late Cretaceous and paroxysmal K-T extinction.Nature,1988,326:143~149.
26 Courtillot V,Vandamme D,Besse J.Deccan volcanism at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary: Data and inferences.Geol Soc Am Spec Pap,1990,247:401~409.
27 Bhandari N,Gupta M,Pandey J,et al.Chemical profiles in K/T boundary section of Meghalaya,India:cometary,asteroidal or volcanic.Chemical Geology,1994,113:45-60.
28 Olmez 1,Finnegan D L,Zoller W H.Iridium emissions from Kilauea volcano.J Geophys Res,1986,91(B1):653~663.
29 Finnegan D L,Miller T L,Zoller W H.Iridium and other tracemetal enrichments from Hawaiian volcanoes.In: V L Sharpton, P D Word, Burke T. Global Catastrophes in Earth History—An Interdisciplinary Conference on Impacts,Volcanism and Mass Mortality.Geol Soc Am Spec Pap,1990,247:111~115.
30 Izett G A.The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary interval,Raton Basin,Colorado and New Mexico,and its content of shock-metamorphosed minerals—Evidence relevant to the K/T boundary impact-extinction theory.Geol Soc Am Spec Pap,1990,249:1-100.
31 Sigurdsson H,D Hondt S,Arthur M A,et al.Glass from the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in Haiti.Nature,1991,349:482-485.
32 Hildebrand A R.Chicxulub crater:A possible K-T boundary impact crater on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico Geology,1991,19:867-871.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
甘公网安备62010202000687
