Based on a brief review of the study on human origin and the knowledge about the human evolution in China, the author considered that in order to promote the study of paleoanthropology of China to a higher state, to find new fossils and related materials would be the most important task,  the researches finding essential information contained in the fossils and related materials and bringing forth new ideas would be the crux. In the new century, for developing the paleoanthropology in China, we should work hard for finding more and more human fossils and paleolithic artefacts as well as related materials. In addition, seeking the reconciliation between the paleoanthropological and molecular biological studies on the origin and evolution of humans, constructing a more  reliable chronological framework of human remains of China and appropriate study on the relationship between fossil humans and the paleo-environment, are also important.