Received date: 2009-12-14
Revised date: 2010-01-15
Online published: 2010-02-10
Cold seeps are typical areas abundant both in marine energy resources and biological resources. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages and the geochemical composition of their carbonate shells, such as δ13C, are important indicators of cold seep. These proxies have important significances in the study of the paleo-cold seeps evolution, and also in the evaluation study of methane released from cold seeps and their effects on global climate changes. This paper reviews the methods and recent progress in cold seep benthic foraminiferal studies in some modern active cold seeps. Through comparison the main characteristics of modern cold seep benthic foraminiferal faunal and the discrepancy between different seepages are presented. It also reviews the carbon isotope response of benthic foraminifera in different cold seep areas and its possibly influential factors. Finally we give a general outlook for the study of cold seep benthic foraminifera in the northern South China Sea.
Key words: Benthic foraminifera; Cold seep; Methane; Carbon isotope
XIANG Rong . Recent Progress in Cold Seep Benthic Foraminifera[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2010 , 25(2) : 193 -202 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2010.02.0193
[1] Campbell K A,Farmer J D,Des Marais D.Ancient hydrocarbon seeps from the Mesozoic convergent margin of California:Carbonate geochemistry,fluids and palaeoenvironments[J].Geofluids,2002,2:63-94.
[2] Levin L A.Ecology of cold seep sediments:Interactions of fauna with flow,chemistry and microbes[J].Oceanography and Marine Biology:An Annual Review,2005,43:1-46.
[3] Montagna P A,Bauer J E,Toal J,et al.Temporal variability and the relationship between benthic meiofaunal and microbial populations of a natural coastal petroleum seep[J].Journal of Marine Research,1987,45:761-789.
[4] Mironov A N. New taxa of stalked crinoids from the suborder Bourguetic rjnina (Echinodermata,Crinoidea) [J].Zoological Zhurnal,2000,79:712-728.
[5] Chen Zhong,Yang Huaping,Huang Qiyue,et al.Characteristics of cold seeps and structures of chemoautosynthesis based communities in seep sediments[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2007,26(6):73-82.[陈忠,杨华平,黄奇瑜,等.海底甲烷冷泉特征与冷泉生态系统的群落结构[J].热带海洋学报,2007,26(6):73-82]
[6] Sen Gupta B K,Platon E,Bernhard J M,et al.Foraminiferal colonization of hydrocarbon-seep bacterial mats and underlying sediment, Gulf of Mexico slope[J].Journal of Foraminiferal Research,1997,27:292-300.
[7] Rathburn A E,Levin L A,Held Z,et al.Benthic Foraminifera associated with cold methane seeps on the northern California margin:Ecology and stable isotopic composition[J].Marine Micropaleontology,2000,38:247-266.
[8] Lobegeier M K,Sen Gupta B K.Foraminifera of hydrocarbon seeps,Gulf of Mexico[J].Journal of Foraminiferal Research,2008,38(2):93-116.
[9] Bernhard J M,Sen Gupta B K,Baguley J G.Benthic foraminifera living in Gulf of Mexico bathyal and abyssal sediments: Community analysis and comparison to metazoan meiofaunal biomass and density[J].Deep Sea Research II,2008,55:2 617-2 626.
[10] Robinson C A,Bernhard J M,Levin L A,et al.Surficial hydrocarbon seep infauna from the Blake Ridge (Atlantic Ocean, 2150 m) and the Gulf of Mexico (690~2 240 m) [J].Marine Ecology,2004,25 (4):313-336.
[11] Bernhard J M.Potential symbionts in bathyal foraminifera[J].Science,2003,299:861.
[12] Rathburn A E,Perez M E,Martin J B,et al.Relationship between the distribution and stable isotopic composition of living benthic foraminifera and cold methane seep biogeochemistry in Monterey Bay,California[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2003,4:1 106.
[13] Hill T M,Kennett J P,Spero H J.Foraminifera as indicators of methane-rich environments:A study of modern methane seeps in Santa Barbara Channel,California[J].Marinel Micropaleontology,2003,49:123-138.
[14] Hill T M,Kennett J P,Valentine D L.Isotopic evidence for the incorporation of methane-derived carbon into foraminifera from modern methane seeps,Hydrate Ridge,northeast Pacific[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2004,68(22):4 619-4 627.
[15] Mackensen A,Wollenburg J,Licari L.Low δ13 C in tests of live epibenthic and endobenthic foraminifera at a site of active methane seepage[J].Paleoceanography,2008,21,PA2022,doi:10.1029/2005PA001196.
[16] Wefer G,Heinze P-M, Berger W H. Clues to ancient methane release[J].Nature,1994,369:282.
[17] Kennett J P,Hendy I L,Behl R J.Late Quaternary foraminiferal carbon isotopic record in Santa Barbara Basin:Implications for rapid climate change[J].EOS Transactions AGU,1996,77 (46):294.
[18] Dickens G R,O’Neil J R,Rea D K,et al.Dissociation of oceanic methane hydrate as a cause of the carbon isotope excursion at the end of the Paleocene[J].Paleoceanography,1995,10:965-971.
[19] Dickens G R,Castillo M M,Walker J C G.A blast of gas in the latest Paleocene:Simulating firstorder effects of massive dissociation of oceanic methane hydrate[J].Geology,1997,25:259-262.
[20] Kennett J P,Cannariato K G,Hendy I L,et al.Carbon isotopic evidence for methane hydrate instability during Quaternary interstadials[J].Science,2000,288:128-133.
[21] Kennett J P,Cannariato K G,Hendy C H,et al.Methane Hydrates in Quaternary Climate Chang:The Clathrate Gun Hypothesis\[M\].Washington DC:AGU,2003:216.
[22] Sen Gupta B K,Smith L E,Lobegeier M K.Attachment of Foraminifera to vestimentiferan tubeworms at cold seeps:Refuge from sea-floor hypoxia and sulfide toxicity[J].Marine Micropaleontology,2007,62:1-6.
[23] Bernhard J M.Distinguishing live from dead foraminifera:Methods review and proper applications[J].Micropaleontology,2000,46(suppl. 1):38-46.
[24] Bernhard J M,Buck K R,Barry J P.Monterey Bay coldseep biota:Assemblages,abundance and ultrastructure of living foraminifera[J].Deep Sea Research I,2001,48:2 2332 249.
[25] Bernhard J M.Microaerophilic and facultative anaerobic benthic foraminifera:A review of experimental and ultrastructural evidence[J].Revue de Paléobiologie,1996,15:261-275.
[26] Serrano O,Serrano L,Mateo M A.Effects of sample pretreatment on the δ13C and δ18O values of living benthic foraminifera[J].Chemical Geology,2008,257:218-220.
[27] Heinz P, Sommer S,Pfannkuche O,et al.Living benthic foraminifera in sediments influenced by gas hydrates at the Cascadia convergent margin, NE Pacific[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2005,304:77-89.
[28] Panieri G.Benthic foraminifera associated with a hydrocarbon seep in the Rockall Trough (NE Atlantic) [J].Geobios,2005,38(2):247-255.
[29] Coles G P,Ainsworth N R,Whatley R C,et al.Foraminifera and Ostracoda from Quaternary carbonate mounds associated with gas seepage in the Porcupine Basin, offshore Western Ireland[J].Revista Española de Micropalentologia,1996,28:113-151.
[30] Panieri G. Benthic foraminifera response to methane release in an Adriatic Sea pockmark[J].Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia,2003,109(3):549-562.
[31] Rathburn A E,Levin L A,Tryon M,et al.Geological and biological heterogeneity of the Aleutian margin (1 965~4 822 m) [J].Progress in Oceanography,2009,80:22-50.
[32] Akimoto K,Tanaka T,Hattori M,et al.Recent benthic foraminiferal assemblages from the cold seep communities — A contribution to the Methane Gas Indicator[C]//Tsuchi R, ed.Pacific Neogene Events in Time and Space.Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1994:11-25.
[33] Jones R W.Preliminary observations on benthonic foraminifera associated with biogenic gas seep in the North Sea[C]//Jenkins D G, eds.Applied Micropaleontology.Kluwer:Dordrecht,1993:69-91.
[34] Silva K A,Corliss B H,Rathburn A E,et al.Seasonality of living benthic foraminifera from the San Pedro Basin, California Borderland[J].Journal of Foraminiferal Research,1996,26:71-93.
[35] Arnold A J,D’Escrivan F,Parker W C.Predation and avoidance responses in the foraminifera of the Galapagos hydrothermal mounds[J].Journal of Foraminiferal Research,1985,15(1):38-42.
[36] Nienstedt J C,Arnold A J.The distribution of benthic foraminifera on seamounts near the East Pacific Rise[J].Journal of Foraminiferal Research,1988,18(3):237-249.
[37] Van Dover C L,Berg C J,Turner R D.Recruitment of marine invertebrates to hard substrates at deep-sea hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise and Galapagos spreading center[J].Deep Sea Research,1988,35:1 833-1 849.
[38] Quinterno P.Quaternary foraminifers from Escanaba Trough, Northeast Pacific Ocean[C]//Morton J L, Zierenberg R A,Reiss C A, eds.Geologic,Hydrothermal and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough,Gorda Ridge,Offshore Northern California.US Geological Survey Bulletin,1994,2 022:337-359.
[39] Jonasson K E,SchroderAdams C J,Patterson R T.Benthic foraminiferal distribution at Middle Valley,Juan de Fuca Ridge,a northeast Pacific hydrothermal venting site[J].Marine Micropaleontology,1995, 25:151-167.
[40] Kaminski M A,Grassle J F,Whitlatch R B.Life history and recolonization among agglutinated foraminifera in the Panama Basin[C]//Gradstein F M, Rögl F, eds.2nd Workshop on Agglutinated Foraminifera.Abhandlungen der Geologichen Bundesanstalt,Wien,1988,41:229-243.
[41] Kvenvolden K.Gas hydrates-Geological perspective and global change[J].Reviews of Geophysics,1993,31:173-187.
[42] Martin J B,Day S,Rathburn A E,et al.Relationships between the stable isotopic signatures of living and fossil foraminifera in Monterey Bay, California[J].Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems,2004,5,Q04004,doi:10.1029/2003GC000629.
[43] Lein A,Vogt P R,Crane K,et al.Chemical and isotopic evidence for the nature of the fluid in CH4-containing sediments of the Håkon Mosby mud volcano[J].Geo-Marine Letters,1999,19:76-83.
[44] Martin R A,Nesbitt E A,Campbell K A.Carbon stable isotopic composition of benthic foraminifera from Pliocene cold methane seeps, Cascadia accretionary margin[J].Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,2007,246:260-277.
[45] Stott L D,Bunn T,Prokopenko M,et al.Does the oxidation of methane leave an isotopic fingerprint in the geologic record?[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2002,3(2):1012,doi:10.1029/2001GC000196.
[46] Cannariato K G,Stott L D.Evidence against clathrate-derived methane release to Santa Barbara Basin surface waters?[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2004,5,Q05007,doi:10.1029/2003GC000600.
[47] Torres M E,Mix A C,Kinports K,et al.Is methane venting at the seafloor recorded by δ13C of benthic foraminifera shells?[J].Paleoceanography,2003,18 (3),1062,doi:10.1029/2002PA000824.
[48] Herguera J,Perez E,Paull C,et al.Carbon isotopic signatures in living benthic foraminifera from methane-soaked gas hydrate-bearing sediments in Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California[J].EOS Transactions AGU,2004,85(47),Abstract B43B-0144.
[49] Millo C,Sarnthein M,Erlenkeuser H,et al.Methane-driven late Pleistocene δ13C minima and overflow reversals in the southwestern Greenland Sea[J].Geology,2005,33(11):873-876.[50] Millo C,Sarnthein M,Erlenkeuser H,et al.Methane-induced early diagenesis of foraminiferal tests in the southwestern Greenland Sea[J].Marine Micropaleontology,2005,58(1):1-12.
[51] Ohkushi K,Ahagon N,Uchida M,et al.Foraminiferal isotope anomalies from northwestern Pacific marginal sediments[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2005,6,Q04005,doi:10.1029/2004GC000787.
[52] Uchida M,Ohkushi K,Kimoto K,et al.Radiocarbon-based carbon source quantification of anomalous isotopic foraminifera in last glacial sediments in the western North Pacific[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2008,9,Q04N14,doi:10.1029/2006GC001558.
[53] Uchida M,Shibata Y,Ohkushi K,et al.Episodic methane release events from Last Glacial marginal sediments in the western North Pacific[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2004,5,Q08005,doi:10.1029/2004GC000699.
[54] Hinrichs K U,Hmelo L R,Sylva S P.Molecular fossil record of elevated methane levels in late Pleistocene coastal waters[J].Science,2003,299(5 610):1 214-1 217.
[55] Hill T M,Kennett J P,Spero H J.Highresolution records of methane hydrate dissociation:ODP Site 893,Santa Barbara Basin[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2004,223(1/2):127-140.
[56] Keigwin L D.Late Pleistocene-Holocene paleoceanography and ventilation of the Gulf of California[J].Journal of Oceanography,2002,58:421-432.
[57] de Garidel-Thoron T,Beaufort L,Bassinot F,et al.Evidence for large methane releases to the atmosphere from deep-sea gas-hydrate dissociation during the last glacial episode[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2004,101(25):9 187-9 192.
[58] Maslin M,Mikkelsen N,Vilela C,et al.Sealevel-and gas-hydrate-controlled catastrophic sediment failures of the Amazon Fan[J].Geology,1998,26(12):1 107-1 110.
[59] Smith L M,Sachs J P,Jennings A E,et al.Light δ13C events during deglaciation of the east Greenland continental shelf attributed to methane release from gas hydrates[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2001,28(11):2 217-2 220.
[60] Prokopenko A A,Williams D F.Deglacial methane emission signals in the carbon isotopic record of Lake Baikal[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2004,218(1/2):135-147.
[61] Lu Hongfeng,Liu Jian,Chen Fang,et al.Mineralogy and stable isotopic composition of authigenic carbonates in bottom sediments in the offshore area of southwest Taiwan,South China Sea:Evidence for gas hydrate occurrence[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(3):268-276.[陆红锋,刘坚,陈芳,等.南海台西南区碳酸盐岩矿物学和稳定同位素组成特征——天然气水合物存在的主要证据之一[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):268-276.]
[62] Han X Q,Suess E,Huang Y Y,et al.Jiulong methane reef: First direct evidence of methane seepage in the South China Sea[J].Geophysical Research Abstracts,2005,7:4 055.
[63] Huang C Y,Chien C W,Zhao M X,et al.Geological study of active cold seeps in the syn-collision accretionary prism Kaoping Slope off SW Taiwan[J].Terrestrial,Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,2006,17(4):679-702.
[64] Chen Zhong,Yan Wen,Chen Muhong,et al.Discovery of seep carbonate nodules as new evidence for gas venting on the northern continental slope of South China Sea[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2006,51 (10):1 228-1 237.[陈忠,颜文,陈木宏,等.南海北部大陆坡冷泉碳酸盐结核的发现:海底天然气渗漏活动的新证据[J].科学通报,2006,51(9):10 65-1 072.]
[65] Chen Fang,Su Xin,Lu Hongfeng,et al.Carbon stable isotopic composition of benthic foraminifers from the northern South China Sea:Indicator of methane-rich environment[J].Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2007,27(4):1-7.[陈芳, 苏新, 陆红锋, 等.南海北部浅表层沉积底栖有孔虫碳同位素及其对富甲烷环境的指示\[J\].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2007,27(4):1-7.]
/
〈 |
|
〉 |