Review of Analytical Methods for Chlorine Isotopes in Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds and Application in Groundwater Contamination
Received date: 2007-12-10
Revised date: 2008-03-04
Online published: 2008-04-10
Organic contamination in groundwater and the impact on human health have been a growing concern. In the study of organic chlorine pollution, applying chlorine isotope (37Cl) can be applied to identify pollution sources and to study pollution mechanism at the atomic level, providing a favorable tool for more effective work on the organic pollution of groundwater. In this paper, eight kinds of chlorinated VOCs chlorine isotopic testing methods and techniques were discussed on the basis of the literatures information at home and abroad. And some applications of the chlorinated VOCs chlorine isotopes were shown, including the identification of groundwater pollution sources, monitoring the process of degradation of organic pollutants, verifying results of the restoration measures, distinguishing the manufacturers of Chlorinated VOCs and tracing the migration and the mixing process of chlorinated VOCs in soil and water. Advanced testing process should be developed and studies should be carried out on the mechanism of organic chlorine isotopes fractionation as soon as possible in China. At the same time, the use of C and Cl isotopes technology in chlorinated VOCs contamination and restoration should also be enhanced.
ZHOU Aiguo , LIU Cunfu , YU Tingting , CAI Hesheng , ZHOU Jianwei , LI Xiaoqian . Review of Analytical Methods for Chlorine Isotopes in Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds and Application in Groundwater Contamination[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2008 , 23(4) : 342 -349 . DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2008.04.0342
[1] Mc Culloch A，Midgley P M. The production and global distribution of emissions of trichloroethylene，tetrachloroethylene and dichloroethylene over the period 1988-1992 [J]. Atmospheric Environment，1996，30: 601-608.
[2] Michael L C，Pellizzari E D，Norwood D L. Application of the master，analytical scheme to the determination of volatile organics in wastewater influents and effluents [J]. Enviroment Science and Technology，1991，25: 150-155.
[3] Guo Yonghai，Shen Zhaoli，Liu Shufang，et al. Organic chlorine pollution of the Hebei Plain groundwater and its relative antifouling properties [J]. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology，1996，1: 40-42.[郭永海，沈照理，刘淑芳，等. 河北平原地下水有机氯污染及其与防污性能的关系[J]. 水文地质工程地质，1996，1: 40-42.]
[4] Wu Yucheng，Zhong Zuoshen，Zhang Jianli. Under the conditions of denitrifying the microbial degradation of benzene and toluene in the groundwater [J]. China Environmental Science Acta，1999，19:505-509.[吴玉成，钟佐燊，张建立.反硝化条件下微生物降解地下水中的苯和甲苯[J]. 中国环境科学学报，1999，19: 505-509.]
[5] Fu Surong，Wang Yanxin，Cai Hesheng，et al. Vulnerability to contamination of groundwater in urban regions [J]. Earth Sciences，2000，25（5）: 482-486.[傅素蓉，王焰新，蔡鹤生，等. 城市地下水污染敏感性分析[J]. 地球科学，2000，25（5）: 482-486.]
[6] Chen Yudao，Zhu Xueyu，Liu Jianli. End-result and governance proposals of benzene in the groundwater source of Dawu in the city of Zibo [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin，1998，43（1）: 81-85.[陈余道，朱学愚，刘建立. 淄博市大武水源地地下水中苯的归宿与治理建议[J]. 科学通报，1998，43（1）: 81-85.]
[7] Shields W R，Murphy T J，Garner E L，et al. Absolute isotopic abundance ratio and the atomic weight of chlorine [J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society，1962，84:1 519-1 522.
[8] Vengosh A，Chivas A R，McCulloch M T. Direct deterimination of boron and chlorine isotopic compositions in geological materials by negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry [J]. Chemical Geology，1989，79: 333-343.
[9] Xiao Y K，Zhang C G. High precision isotopic measurement of chlorine by thermal ionization mass spectrometry of the Cs2Cl+ ion [J]. International Jouranl Mass Spectrum Ion Processes，1992，116: 183-192.
[10] Kaufmanu R S，Long A，Bentley H，et al. Natural chlorine isotope variation [J]. Nature，1984，309: 335-340.
[11] Liu Cunfu，Wang Peiyi，Zhou Lian. Preparative method of high-precision measurement of chlorine stable isotope [J]. Geological Science and Technology Information，1995，14（1）: 94-98.[刘存富，王佩仪，周炼. 高精度测量稳定氯同位素的制样方法[J]. 地质科技情报，1995，14（1）: 94-98.]
[12] Tanaka N，Rye D M. Chlorine in the stratosphere [J]. Nature，1991，353: 707.
[13] Van Warmerdam E M，Frape S K，Aravena R，et al. Stable chlorine and carbon isotope measurements of selected chlorinated organic solvents [J]. Applied Geochemistry，1995，10: 547-552.
[14] Long A，Eastoe C J，Kaufmann R S，et al. High-Precision measurement of chlorine stable isotope ratios [J]. Geochimicaet Cosmochimisca Acta，1993，57: 2 907-2 912.
[15] Holt B D，Sturchio N C，Abrajano T A，et al. Conversion of chlorinated volatile organic compounds to carbon dioxide and methyl chloride for isotopic analysis of carbon and chlorine [J]. Analytical Chemistry，1997，69: 2 727-2 733.
[16] Holt B D，Heraty L J，Sturchio N C. Extraction of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons from groundwater at micromolar concentrations for isotopic analysis of chlorine [J]. Evironmental Pollution，2001，113: 263-269.
[17] Jendrzejewski N，Eggenkamp H G M，Coleman M L. Sequential determination of chlorine and carbon isotopic composition in single microliter sample of chlorinated solvent [J]. Analytical Chemistry，1997，69: 4 259-4 266.
[18] Numata M，Nakamura N，Koshikawa H，et al. Chlorine stable isotope measurements of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons by thermal ionization mass spectrometry [J]. Analytical Chemistry，2004，76: 2 326-2 342.
[19] Holmstrand H，Andersson P，Gustafsson O. Chlorine isotope analysis of submicromole organochlorine samples by seal sube combustion and thermal ionization mass spectrometry [J]. Analytical Chemistry，2004，76: 2 326-2 342.
[20] Shouakar-stash O，Drimmie R J，Zhang Min，et al. Compound-specific chlorine isotope ratios of TCE，PCE and DCE isomers by direct injection using CF-IRMS [J]. Applytical Geochemistry，2006，21: 766-781.
[21] Rees C E. Snlphur isotope measurement using SO2 and SF6 [J]. Geochimistry Cosmochimistry Acta，1978，42: 383-389.
[22] Van Acker M R M D，Shahar A，Young E D，et al. GC/Multiple collector-ICPMS method for chlorione stable isotope analysis of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons [J]. Analytical Chemistry，2006，78: 4 663-4 667.
[23] Andrews J N，Fontes J C. Importance of the in-situ production of 36Cl，36Ar and 14C in hydrology and hydrogeochemistry [C]∥Isotope Techniques in Water Resources Development.Vienna: IAEA，1992：245-269.
[24] Fontes J C. Chemical and isotopic constraints on 14C dating of groundwater [C]∥Taylor A L R E，Kra R S. Radiocarbon after Four Decades.New York: Springer，1992：242-261.
[25] Wassenaar L I，Aravena R，Fritz P. Radiocarbon content of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon in shallow groundwater systemsimplications for groundwater dating [C]∥Use of Isotope Techniques in Water Resource Developments. IAEA，Vienna，1992:143-151.
[26] Aravena R，Wassenaar L I. Dissolved organic carbon and methane in a regional confined aquifer，southern Ontario，Canada: Carbon isotope evidence for associated subsurface sources [J]. Applied Geochemistry，1993，8: 483-493.
[27] Gonfiantini R，Fröhlich K，Araguás-Araguás L，et al. Isotopes in groundwater hydrology [C]∥Kendall C，McDonnell J J. Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology. Amsterdam：Elsevier Science，1998，17: 203-246.
[28] Wang Y，Huntington T G，Osher L J，et al. Carbon cycling in terrestrial environments [C]∥Kendall C，McDonnell J J. Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology.Amsterdam: Elsevier Science，1998，17: 577-610.
[29] Sturchio N C，Clausen J L，Heraty L J，et al. Chlorine isotope investigation of natural attenuation of trichloroethylene in aerobic aquifer [J]. Environmental Science and Technology，1998，32: 3 037-3 042.
[30] Pavlostathlis S G，Jaglal K. Desorptive behavior of trichloroethylene in contaminated soil [J]. Environmental Science and Technology，1991，25: 274-279.
[31] Sturchio N C，Clausen J L，Heraty L J，et al. Chlorine isotope investigation of natural attenuation of trichloroethene in an aerobic aquifer [J]. Environmental Science and Technology，1998，32: 3 037-3 042.
[32] Heraty L T，Fuller M E，Huang L，et al. Isotopic fractionation of carbon and chlorine by microbial degradation of dichloromethane [J]. Organic Geochemistry，1999，30: 793-799.
[33] Huang L，Sturchio N C，Abrajano T，et al. Carbon and chlorine isotope fractionation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons by evaporation [J]. Organic Geochemistry，1999，30: 777-785.
[34] Slater G F，Ahad J M E，Lollar B S，et al. Carbon isotope effects resulting from equilibrium sorption of dissolved VOCs [J]. Analytical Chemistry，2000，72: 5 669-5 672.
[35] Numata M，Nakamura N，Koshikawa H，et al. Chlorine isotope fractionation during reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes by anaerobic bacteria [J]. Environmental Scicence Technology，2002b，36: 4 389-4 394.
[36] Jendrzejewski N，Eggenkamp H G M，Coleman M L，et al. Characterisation of chlorinated hydrocarbon from chlorine and carbon to environmental problems [J]. Applied Geochemistry，2001，16: 1 021-1 031.
[37] Beneteau K M，Aravena R，Frape S K，et al. Isotopic characterization of chlorinated solvents-loborator and field results [J]. Organic Geochemistry，1999，30: 739-753.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
甘公网安备62010202000687
