In the context of climate change, glacier surges and the associated hazards are occurring with increasing frequency. Due to the difficulties in subglacial monitoring, multiple interpretations remain regarding the control mechanisms of glacier surges. The enthalpy-balance model is a recently proposed, generalized framework that integrates glacier mass balance, thermodynamics, and subglacial hydrology, and it can account for surging processes across a wide range of glacier types. We integrate previously published datasets with additional surface velocity and surface elevation data of the South Rimo Glacier (SRG) derived from remote-sensing satellite observations. On this basis, glacier basal sliding velocities and stress variations are calculated. Furthermore, an enthalpy balance model is employed to estimate glacier enthalpy production during different periods. Using these datasets and methods, we systematically analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics and key processes of SRG before and after its surge events from 2000 to 2024. The results indicate that: ① The 2018-2020 surge of SRG involved substantial water participation and was likely triggered by thermally controlled basal meltwater generation and the infiltration of surface meltwater into the glacier bed, which altered subglacial water pressure and induced rapid glacier motion; ② During the surge, the dominant enthalpy source in SRG was frictional heat generated by basal sliding. The mean annual enthalpy production attributable to frictional heating was approximately 1.0 W/m², 3.2 W/m², and 0.5 W/m² during the pre-surge, surge, and post-surge stages, respectively, with the highest mean annual value occurring in 2019 (~6.2 W/m²). In contrast, enthalpy losses were primarily associated with the discharge of subglacial basal meltwater; ③ The terminus position reached during this surge did not extend as far as that of the previous surge (1989-1999), suggesting that the intensity of the current surge was weaker than that of the last event; ④ The enthalpy balance model effectively explains the acceleration and deceleration phases of glacier surging. The surging behavior of the South Rimo Glacier, eastern Karakoram, is governed by a coupled hydro-thermal mechanism, but as to when the surge reaches the critical threshold to start and when it stops, detailed subglacial hydrological observation data are needed for analysis.