Abstract： Deep-buried source rocks in sedimentary basins are increasingly recognized as potentially significant sources of uranium. With ongoing thermal maturation, uranium can be mobilized from source rocks and transported upward with oil, gas, and formation water, eventually leading to shallow enrichment. Although the role of deep source rocks as uranium sources has garnered broad attention, a comprehensive synthesis of uranium migration mechanisms and oil-gas-water-uranium interactions remains absent. Here, uranium abundance data from source rocks in representative basins are compiled alongside evidence from sequential extraction and spectroscopic studies. Key insights from thermal simulation and dissolution experiments—including uranium release efficiency, yields of low-molecular-weight organic acids, and hydrocarbon generation yields—are integrated to enable comparative analysis and mechanistic discussion relevant to sandstone-hosted uranium systems. Published data suggest that source rocks are generally uranium-enriched, but uranium contents vary significantly among basins. Uranium speciation is highly heterogeneous and shows no consistent relationship with overall uranium concentration. Uranium mobilization during thermal evolution appears to occur in multiple stages, with reported release efficiencies reaching approximately 78% (immature source rock, 2 MPa, 200 °C). Notably, uranium mobilization can occur prior to extensive organic-acid generation and earlier than many other trace elements, potentially reflecting contributions from water-soluble and exchangeable uranium fractions. After significant production of organic acids, uranium release often remains elevated until early hydrocarbon generation. A renewed increase in uranium release during peak hydrocarbon production indicates that crude oil may enhance uranium dissolution and/or promote phase partitioning. Overall, available evidence supports the idea that uranium is progressively mobilized from source rocks during maturation and accumulates at shallower levels, although key uncertainties remain. Future research should (i) clarify the coupling between uranium speciation and mobilization pathways during source rock maturation; (ii) quantify uranium solubility and interphase partitioning in crude oil and oil –water systems under realistic subsurface temperature-pressure conditions; and (iii) provide quantitative constraints on how external parameters—particularly temperature, pressure, and pH—govern the stability and behavior of uranyl–carbonate complexes (e.g., Ca-U(VI)-CO23- species).