Abstract： Studying the supply-demand relationship of ecosystem services and implementing zoned management are crucial for reconciling ecological protection with socioeconomic development in ecologically fragile regions. This study takes Naiman Banner, a typical sandy land area in Northern China, as a case study. We quantified the supply of key ecosystem services (e.g., water yield, carbon sequestration, and soil conservation) from 2000 to 2020 using the InVEST model, while the demand was assessed based on socioeconomic data. Spatiotemporal patterns were analyzed using hotspot-cold spot analysis, and the driving mechanisms behind the comprehensive ecosystem service supply-demand ratio were investigated using the GeoDetector model. The results revealed three key findings. First, over the two decades, the overall supply capacity of ecosystem services in Naiman Banner increased by 19.81%, whereas the demand decreased by 11.09%. Consequently, the overall supply-demand ratio improved significantly by 39.73%, indicating a substantial enhancement in ecological sustainability. Spatially, the comprehensive supply-demand ratio exhibited a distinct pattern of ‘surplus in the north and south with a deficit in the center’, primarily shaped by the regional landscape configuration and the intensity of human activities. Second, factor detection identified that the proportion of forest land was the primary driver of hotspot areas (high supply-demand ratio), underscoring the critical role of afforestation and forest conservation. Conversely, the proportion of sandy land was identified as the core driver of cold spot areas (low supply-demand ratio), highlighting the impact of desertification. Third, based on an integrated analysis of the comprehensive supply-demand ratio, its spatial matching relationship, and the proportional areas of hotspots and cold spots, a systematic ecological management zoning scheme was developed. Naiman Banner was categorized into six secondary and ten tertiary zones, which were classified into four major types: ecological conservation, ecological restoration, ecological enhancement, and ecological development. Targeted and differentiated management strategies were proposed for each zone. This research provides a scientific basis for precise ecological protection and sustainable socio-economic development in Naiman Banner, offering a replicable framework for similar arid and semi-arid regions.