Emerging Organic Contaminants (EOCs) are used extensively in a wide range of consumer products, and are continuously released into the environment or inadvertently emitted as by-products during industrial processes. Owing to their environmental persistence and long-range environmental transport characteristics, EOCs have become ubiquitous and have been widely detected, even in remote regions of the Arctic. Although previous reviews have addressed the occurrence, environmental behavior, and ecological risks of EOCs in the Arctic, they have largely concentrated on marine ecosystems, leaving terrestrial environments comparatively understudied. Compared with the marine environment, the predominant input pathway of EOCs is attributed to long-range atmospheric transport, with significant contributions from secondary emissions. These differences lead to distinct patterns in the occurrence, transport pathways, sources, and environmental impacts of EOCs in terrestrial systems. This review summarizes the occurrence characteristics, temporal trends, and sources of high-concern EOCs, including OPEs, PFASs, NBFRs, and PCNs, in the Arctic terrestrial environment. EOC concentrations in terrestrial compartments of the Arctic remain relatively low, and their temporal dynamics closely reflect historical and ongoing production and usage patterns, emphasizing the complex interplay between local anthropogenic emissions and secondary releases driven by climate change. Through comprehensive analysis across multiple trophic levels—including terrestrial vegetation, freshwater fish, and terrestrial wildlife, as well as human exposure pathways—this review evaluates the profound ecological and health implications of EOC bioaccumulation. Finally, this review outlines future research priorities in light of the current problems and challenges involved in studying EOCs in the Arctic terrestrial environment. Existing studies remain limited to concentration profiles in single media, with only a narrow range of contaminants reported, and lack a systematic understanding of climate-driven re-emission processes and their environmental effects. Future research should therefore strengthen multimedia investigations of contaminant transport and fate, apply non-target screening techniques to identify high-risk contaminants in the Arctic, and place particular emphasis on climate warming-induced re-emissions and their associated ecological and health risks.