As the largest desert in the world, the Sahara Desert emits dust aerosols, accounting for 50%~60% of the global total dust, exerting significant impacts on regional and even global climate, environment, and ecosystems. Previous domestic and international studies reported two primary transport pathways for Saharan dust: westward across the North Atlantic, reaching North America, or northward to the European continent. In recent years, studies have shown that Saharan dust can be transported across the Middle East and Central Asia, undergoing long-distance (nearly 10 000 km) to East Asia, which is the third transport pathway for Saharan dust. Therefore, this study primarily summarizes the research progress on the long-range transport of Saharan dust to East Asia and its impacts, including the physical and chemical properties of Saharan dust, dust emission mechanisms, transport processes, and climatic and environmental effects. Finally, we highlight the current challenges in the research on the eastward transport of Saharan dust and provide suggestions and ideas for future research.