A new framework for studying climate change projections and disaster risks oriented towards carbon neutrality was developed using a division method of positive emissions, net zero, and net negative periods. Focusing on the main Belt and Road regions, future mean and extreme climate change projections and disaster risks oriented towards carbon neutrality were systematically addressed under the SSP1-1.9 and SSP1-2.6 sustainable development pathways. Moreover, it is projected that over global carbon neutrality or net-zero periods, climate change will exhibit new characteristics and patterns, and disaster risks will undergo new changes over the main Belt and Road regions. The newly developed framework provides a new scheme for climate change projection and disaster risk assessment. The seventh assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and other future assessment reports on climate change should include climate change projections and disaster risk assessments oriented towards carbon neutrality, which can provide new scientific knowledge for jointly dealing with climate change and achieving sustainable development. Additionally, the role and application of Artificial Intelligence in future climate change projections and climate disaster risks assessments are discussed.