The mutual interaction between coastal aeolian landforms and vegetation has been the focus of research in different periods, both domestically and internationally. This brief review summarizes the main advancements in research on the interaction between coastal aeolian landforms and vegetation, as well as the techniques and methods used. Research improvements are necessary in terms of systematic analysis, deepening the understanding of the impact and response mechanisms of vegetation on dune evolution, and addressing the lack of regional comparative studies. This review proposes future research directions that advocate for an intensified examination of landscape effects resulting from the interaction between coastal aeolian landforms and vegetation. It further suggests a deeper exploration of the response patterns of vegetation to the morphological and dynamic processes of coastal aeolian landforms, clarification of the feedback mechanisms between coastal vegetation and aeolian landform morphology and activity, and increased emphasis on regional comparative studies. This will enrich and enhance the research on coastal aeolian landforms in China.