Studying the atmospheric boundary layer over the Tibetan Plateau is of great significance for understanding the heat and water budget, weather, and climate change of the plateau and its surrounding areas. However, the research on the weather and climate of the Tibetan Plateau is restricted by the lack of observational data. The atmospheric science experiments on the atmospheric boundary layer over the Tibetan Plateau were reviewed in the present study. Furthermore, the research progress on the height, wind field structure, temperature, and humidity field structure of the atmospheric boundary layer over the Tibetan Plateau was summarized, and the development mechanism of the atmospheric boundary layer was introduced from the perspectives of thermal and atmospheric dynamics. Accordingly, the shortcomings of the current research in this field were discussed, and it was highlighted that the research on the atmospheric boundary layer of the Tibetan Plateau is still in the exploration stage and that the research on the development mechanism is not thorough enough. Few studies have simultaneously examined the linkages between different regions on the plateau at the same time. Finally, considering the aforementioned shortcomings, future developments have been proposed.