The Indian Ocean Dipole （IOD） is one of the dominant interannual variabilities in the tropical Indian Ocean， which has important impacts on countries around the Indian Ocean and even the global climate. The research on the formation mechanism of IOD and its climatic effects is of great significance for climate prediction. This study mainly reviews the related research progress of IOD during the past 10 years， such as its basic characteristics， its relationship with El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） and the Asian summer monsoon， its climate effect， and its variation under the global warming. The relationship between IOD and ENSO is reflected in their mutual influence. The influence mechanism of different types of IOD on the development of ENSO is not clear and needs further investigation. A strong interaction between IOD and the Asian summer monsoon is found. The positive IOD and the summer monsoon circulation in the eastern Indian Ocean mutually promote， while the interaction between the IOD and the Indian summer monsoon needs further study. Furthermore， the extreme positive IOD will increase under the global warming， which has an important influence on extreme climatic events in China. Researches primarily focus on the effect of IOD alone or the combination effect of IOD and ENSO on extreme climatic events in China， but the synergistic effect between IOD and the mid-high latitude circulation system or the pan-tropical ocean on extreme climatic events in China needs further studies. A systematic review of IOD research progress during the past 10 years can provide a scientific basis for the future research of IOD.