With the continuously accelerating urbanization process in China, the potential threat on urban ecological security, which is caused by natural disasters, is growing. It is acknowledged that the origin and solving of urban ecoenvironmental problems are significantly influenced by the quantitative structure and spatial patterns of urban landscape. The development of Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) nowadays also shows that it is a direction for the ERA at the regional scale to take researches based on landscape patternprocess. In this study, firstly, the evaluation of urban ecological risk due to single or multiple natural disasters was reviewed, and the characteristics of the ERA in single type disasters and multisource disasters were discussed; secondly, the important role of uncertainty analysis at different landscape scales was emphasized; thirdly, the relationships among natural disasters, ecological risks and landscape patternprocess in urban area were analyzed, and the main methods for ERA at landscape or regional scale were listed; fourthly, the key issues of scenario analysis in natural disaster derived ERA at landscape scale were described. After reviewing the distinguished studies on natural disaster derived ERA for both at home and abroad, according to the deficiency in the numerous studies at present, we suggest three research directions should be further developed: ① to analyze the correlations among urban landscape patterns, natural disasters and associated ecological risks; ② to quantify the uncertainty based on landscape differences in the temporal or spatial scale; ③ to build the integrated model and simulate the scenarios for urban natural disasters derived ERA based on landscape patterns. Then, these three directions will help to the studies of constructing the optimization schemes on urban landscape patterns or the prevention strategies for urban natural disasters as well as associated ecological risks.