First, this paper uses Morlet wavelet to the multiple time scales analysis of the Hanjiang River Basin precipitation and then to the correlation analysis of the Hanjiang River Basin precipitation and 74 circulation factors. The results show that: the precipitation has the main cycle with 4year, 7year and 18year in the Hanjiang River Basin for nearly 50 years, in which the 18year time scale is most prominent and the precipitation decreases; the Hanjiang River Basin precipitation respectively has a closely positive correlation with 14 circulation factors such as the western Pacific subtropical high area index, the cold air, the northern boundary of the eastern Pacific subtropical high and the northern polar vortex center position. The Hanjiang River Basin precipitation respectively has a closely negative correlation with East Asia slot position, the Pacific polar vortex index and Asia polar vortex intensity index. This study provides scientific basis for improving the level of the Hanjiang River Basin precipitation forecast and effective development of downstream flood control and drought relief work in the Hanjiang River Basin and the Yangtze River.