Element geochemistry of coccoliths is very meaningful in paleoceanographic study, e.g.,Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios. This paper summarizes previous studiesof coccolith Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca. According to previous studies, coccolith Sr/Ca ratio is mainly controlled by growth rates and calcification rates, secondly by temperature. While coccolith Mg/Ca ratio is influenced by temperature, but temperature relation differs among species. It is criticalto clean samples and separate monospecific coccoliths. Ion probe method is the most convenient and accurate analytical method. Coccolith Sr/Ca ratio can be used to indicatepaleoproductivity, and Mg/Ca to reconstruct paleotemperature. Element geochemistry has a great potential in paleoceanography and paleoclimatology. This paper also introduces the principle and analytical method of coccolith Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca in detail.