The carbon footprint indicates the effect of human final consumptions on global climate changes, and is a key sign of the turn from production to consumption-based research on carbon emissions. The carbon emissions embodied in human final consumption and the relationship between carbon footprints and ability and structure of consumption can be showed by carrying out research on carbon footprint. Moreover, the corresponding conclusions will also serve our country′s environmental diplomacy. Based on analyzing traditional production-based research of carbon emissions and summarizing latest research progress of carbon footprint, and proceeded from the three core propositions—“Law, Right and Interest, Countermeasure” of climate change related with human activities, this paper proposes the basic ideas, hypothesis and judgments of research on carbon footprint, and also the basic standing points. Finally, this paper carries out primary identification and calculation of threshold values of survival, development, luxury-oriented consumption and relevant carbon emissions.