Water use changes in different regions have profound spatial connections. For the sake of revealing the spatial linkage among water use changes of various regions in China, the conception of water use advantage index is defined and a method to measure the index is established firstly referring to regional advantage theory in economics. Water use advantage of different regions in China and its evolution between 2001 and 2003 are analyzed based on the index and method. The results show that the provinces with remarkable advantage in agriculture water use are Shandong, Henan, Sichuan, Hainan and Hebei, whose advantages are also in the top five, and the advantages are strengthen. The provinces with remarkable increase in the advantage in non-agriculture water use are Beijing, Shandong, Shanxi, Mongolia and Zhejiang whose increasing extents exceed 0.2, Meanwhile, the advantages of nonagriculture water use decrease markedly are Tianjin and Liaoning with the extents being more than 0.4. There are three elements which drive the water use evolvement. They are economic elements, policy and natural environment. These three elements not only dominate the evolution process of regional water use advantages, but also dominate the changes of water use structure in China.