Combining the ship-based observational data by sunphotometer with space-based MODIS/AOD data by satellite, the relationship between AOD and dusty weather over Eastern China seas is studied in this paper. By investigation of 500nm AOD in different weather conditions, it is discovered that the mean AOD during clear day (background condition), cloudy and dusty condition, and only dusty weather are about 0.2, 0.6 and more than 1.3 respectively. By comparing the MODIS/AOD and ship-based observational data, it can be concluded that the variation of them with time are very consistent with each other, while the former is obviously larger than the latter magnitude. Using the revised MODIS/AOD data, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of AOD over Eastern China seas are analyzed. By comparing these characteristics with dusty weather occurring in north China, it is found that the relationship of them is very close.