The main contents and characteristics of public participation theory by defining the public participation concepts and their development history are systematically summarized. The public power relationship, mainstream value change and management organizational approach of the main contents of public participation theory are explained in detail. Based on the abovementioned theoretical conclusions, public participation objects, values, process planning, execution process, monitoring process and its evaluation methods in Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) applications are comprehensively explained. In the end, the whole theories and contents of public participation are summarized. The positive and normative research of public participation needs further development in China.