It is indicated that lipid biomarkers deeply widen the aspects of the past global change. Especially, the compound-specific carbon stable isotope technique has become a powerful tool for the reconstruction of the paleo-climate and paleo-environment during recent years. The recent progresses on the understanding of paleo-climate and paleo-environment using compound-specific carbon stable isotope as a proxy are reviewed in his paper. It is supported that the compositions of compound-specific carbon stable isotope of lipid can effectively track the sources of terrigenious organic debris in the marine and lake environment, understand the variation of C₃ and C₄ plants in the historical period, and reconstruct the regional paleo-climate and paleo-environment.