Soil science is one of the key sciences to solve the problems about population, resources, environment and food. In the 21st century, the trends of soil science is to study the composition, properties, and cycling of material and energy, and their effects on human being survival and environment. Soil global changes are of strategic meaning in soil science research. Digitalization and information systems are the driving force for the development of soil sciences. Soil quality and environment is the key contents of soil science. Protecting soil resources and improving soil fertility are the important tasks in soil science research. Studying the resource-saving sustainable agriculture is the historical mission for soil science. Strengthening basic scientific research is the basis for the development of soil science.