地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 704 -714. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2020.062

综述与评述 上一篇    下一篇

球载云降水粒子探测器研究现状及进展
王鹏 1( ),刘磊 1, 2( ),刘西川 1,胡帅 1, 2,赵世军 1,姬文明 1,高太长 1, 2   
  1. 1.国防科技大学气象海洋学院，江苏 南京 211101
    2.电磁环境效应与 光电工程国家级重点实验室，江苏 南京 211101
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-06 修回日期:2020-06-15 出版日期:2020-07-10
  • 通讯作者: 刘磊 E-mail:wangpengqx@163.com;liuleidll@gmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目“利用远红外—太赫兹波高光谱辐射反演冰云微物理参数”(41875025);“地基红外高光谱辐射仪和偏振激光雷达联合反演薄云微物理参数”(41575024)

Research Status and Progress of Balloon-borne Cloud and Precipitation Particles Probe

Peng Wang 1( ),Lei Liu 1, 2( ),Xichuan Liu 1,Shuai Hu 1, 2,Shijun Zhao 1,Wenming Ji 1,Taichang Gao 1, 2   

  1. 1.College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing 211101, China
    2.National Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environment and Electro-optical Engineering, Nanjing 211101, China
  • Received:2020-05-06 Revised:2020-06-15 Online:2020-07-10 Published:2020-08-21
  • Contact: Lei Liu E-mail:wangpengqx@163.com;liuleidll@gmail.com
  • About author:Wang Peng (1996-), male, Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province, Master student. Research areas include atmospheric physics and atmospheric environment. E-mail: wangpengqx@163.com
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China "Retrieval of microphysical properties of ice clouds from high-resolution far-infrared and terahertz radiation"(41875025);"Retrieving microphysical properties of thin clouds from combined ground-based hyperspectral infrared sounder and polarization lidar"(41575024)
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准确观测云和降水的微物理特征是理解云降水物理过程的关键。由气象气球搭载测量仪器升空进行现场探测是获取云和降水粒子微物理特征的有效方式，其作为机载云降水粒子测量设备的补充手段，在现场测量中发挥着越来越重要的作用。根据现有球载云降水粒子探测器工作原理的差异，将其分为碰撞取样式、直接成像式、光学散射式、光强衰减式和电荷测量式探测器。总结了典型仪器的工作原理、关键技术和主要优缺点；简要介绍了其在云层精细结构获取、云参数遥感方法建立、云降水物理过程研究和参数化以及雷暴云的科学观测等方面的应用；最后，对球载云降水粒子探测器的发展趋势进行了展望，为开展相关技术研究和设备研制提供参考。

关键词: 云粒子, 降水粒子, 原位测量, 视频探空仪, 球载测量仪器

The accurate observation of the microphysical structure of cloud and precipitation plays an important role in understanding the formation of clouds and precipitation. In-situ measurement using measuring instruments carried by meteorological balloons is an effective way to obtain the microphysical properties of cloud and precipitation particles, which is a supplementary means for aircraft to observe cloud and precipitation particles. This observation method plays a more and more important role in in-situ measurement. According to the difference of the working principle of the existing balloon-borne cloud and precipitation particles probes, the detectors can be divided into particle impact-sampling sensors, particle imaging sensors, light-scattering sensors, light intensity attenuation sensors and charge measurement sensors. The working principles, key technologies and main advantages and disadvantages of typical instruments were summarized, and their applications to detailed cloud structure acquisition, cloud remote sensing method establishment, cloud and precipitation physical process research and parameterization, and scientific observation of thunderstorm clouds were briefly introduced. Finally, the development trend of balloon-borne cloud precipitation particle detectors was prospected, which will provide reference for related technical research and equipment development.

Key words: Cloud particle, Precipitation particle, In-situ measurement, Videosonde, Balloon-borne measurement instruments

中图分类号: 

表1 典型球载云降水粒子测量仪器
Table 1 The typical balloon-borne cloud and precipitation particles measurement instruments
测量方式 仪器名称 测量要素 主要指标
碰撞取样式 Snow Crystal Sondes [ 11 ] 粒子形状、粒子尺寸 粒径：大于20 μm；仪器尺寸：14 cm×7 cm×5.5 cm；仪器重量：1.5 kg
碰撞取样式 Cloud Particle Replicator [ 17 ] 粒子形状、粒子尺寸 粒径：大于7 μm；仪器尺寸：91 cm×17 cm×8 cm；仪器重量：2.2 kg
碰撞取样式 Cloud Particle Video Sonde [ 13 ] 粒子形状、粒子尺寸 粒径：7 μm~1 mm；粒径分辨率：5 μm；仪器尺寸：16 cm×16 cm×53 cm；仪器重量：3 kg
碰撞取样式 Hydrometeor Videosonde [ 18 ] 粒子形状、粒子尺寸 粒径：7 μm~2 mm；仪器尺寸：22.5 cm×15.2 cm×41 cm；仪器重量：1.3 kg
碰撞取样式 New Hydrometeor Videosonde [ 19 ] 粒子形状、粒子尺寸 粒径：7 μm~5 mm；仪器尺寸：28 cm×10.6 cm×50 cm；仪器重量：2.4 kg
碰撞取样式 Balloon-Borne Ice Particle Imaging [ 20 ] 粒子形状、粒子尺寸 粒径：7 μm~1 mm；粒径分辨率：4 μm；粒径测量不确定度：5%~17%；仪器重量：3 kg
直接成像式 Precipitation Particle Image Sensor/Videosonde [ 21 ] 粒子尺寸、粒子电荷 粒径：0.5 mm~2 cm；电荷量：±1~±400 pC；仪器重量：3 kg
直接成像式 New Videosonde [ 22 ] 粒子尺寸、粒子电荷 粒径：0.5 mm~2 cm；粒径测量不确定度：2.6%~13%；电荷量：±1~±400 pC；仪器重量：950 g
直接成像式 Particle Size, Image, and Velocity [ 23 ] 粒子尺寸、下落速度 粒径：0.1 mm~10 mm；粒径测量不确定度：7%；仪器重量：2.72 kg
直接成像式 Digital Holographic Imager [ 15 ] 粒子形状、粒子尺寸 粒径：大于5 μm
光学散射式 Cloud Particle Sensor [ 24 ] 粒子数，粒子尺寸，粒子相态 粒径：2~80 μm；粒子计数：1 000个/秒；仪器尺寸：11.5 cm×14 cm×12 cm；仪器重量：200 g
光学散射式 Universal Cloud and Aerosol Sounding System [ 25 ] 粒子数，粒子尺寸 粒径：0.4~17 μm或1~40 μm；粒子计数：10 000个/秒；仪器重量：280 g
光强衰减式 Low-cost Laser Disdrometer [ 26 , 27 ] 粒子尺寸、下落速度 粒径：0.5~6 mm或0.06~24.5 mm；像素分辨率：0.125 mm；仪器重量：450 g
电荷测量式 Particle Charge Instrument [ 12 ] 粒子电荷、下落速度 电荷量：±10~±400 pC；电荷测量不确定度：15%；速度测量不确定度：10%
电荷测量式 Charge q and Size d[ 28 ] 粒子尺寸、粒子电荷 直径：0.8~8.0 mm；粒径测量不确定度：5%~25%；电荷量：±4~±400 pC；电荷测量不确定度：14.3%
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