青藏高原北缘土壤碳库和碳汇潜力研究

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.02.0206

地球科学进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 206 -212. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.02.0206

所属专题：青藏高原研究——青藏科考；

青藏高原北缘土壤碳库和碳汇潜力研究

张亚峰 ¹(

), 姚振 ^1, ², 马强 ^1, ², 姬丙艳 ¹, 苗国文 ¹, 许光 ¹, 马风娟 ^1, ²

1.青海省第五地质矿产勘查院,青海西宁 810099
2.吉林大学地球科学学院,吉林长春 130012

收稿日期:2017-07-18 修回日期:2017-12-15 出版日期:2018-02-20
基金资助:
第二批青海省“高端创新人才千人计划”(编号:青人才字[2017]5号);国土资源部行业基金项目“中国主要农耕区土壤碳库及固碳潜力研究——栗钙土固碳机制试验研究”(编号:200911020-13)资助

Study on the Soil Carbon Pool and Potential Capacity of Carbon Sequestration in the Northern Tibetan Plateau

Yafeng Zhang ¹( ), Zhen Yao ^1, ², Qiang Ma ^1, ², Bingyan Ji ¹, Guowen Miao ¹, Guang Xu ¹, Fengjuan Ma ^1, ²

1.Fifth Institute of Geological and Mineral Exploration of Qinghai Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xining 810099, China
2.Earth Science Institute, Jilin University, Changchun 130012,China

Received:2017-07-18 Revised:2017-12-15 Online:2018-02-20 Published:2018-04-02
About author:
First author:Zhang Yafeng(1986-),female, Jiaocheng County, Shanxi Province, Engineer. Research areas include agricultural geochemical and ecological environment.E-mail:371221815@qq.com
Supported by:
Project supported by the Second Batch of “High-end and innovative talents thousand people project” of Qinghai Province No.Qing talent word [2017] No.5);Industry Foundation of Ministry of Land and Resources “The studies on soil carbon stocks and the carbon sequestration potential of major agricultural in China—Experimental study on organic carbon storage and sequestration mechanism of soils of Chestnut soil”(No.200911020-13)

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研究青藏高原北缘土壤有机碳储量对全球碳循环具有重要意义。研究区表层土壤碳储量为1.27×10⁸ t,表层土壤有机碳密度为4.96×10³ t/km²;与全国第二次土壤普查时的储量相比,栗钙土、灰钙土、高山草原土、沼泽土、风沙土和潮土分布区有机碳储量逐渐增加,主要分布在青海湖北部草原区和东部中高山林地区,因林草地固碳量大于释放量,被划分为碳汇区;山地草甸土、高山草甸土、灰褐土、黑钙土和灌淤土分布区有机碳储量逐渐减少,主要分布在青海东部农耕区,因耕种作用固碳量小于释放量,被划分为碳源区。以目前有机碳储量累积频率的97.5%为有机碳饱和临界值,估算研究区固碳潜力值为241.57×10⁶ t,并以研究区广泛分布的栗钙土为例,推算栗钙土有机碳储量达到饱和需要18.66年。

关键词: 土壤碳储量, 土壤有机碳密度, 碳汇区, 碳源区, 碳汇潜力

It is important to investigate the soil organic carbon reserves of the northern Tibetan Plateau for understanding the global carbon cycle. The surface soil carbon storage is 1.27×10⁸ t, and the surface topsoil organic carbon density is 4.96×10³ t/km² in the study area. Compared with the results of the second National Soil Census, the distribution of organic carbon reserves of chestnut soil, sierozem, alpine steppe soil, swamp soil, sandy soil and ustic cambisols increased gradually, which are mainly distributed in savanes of the northern Qinghai Lake and woodland in middle-high mountain areas of the eastern Qinghai Lake; savanes and woodland are classified as the carbon sink area because this area’s carbon sequestration is greater than the release quantity. By contrast, the distribution of organic carbon reserves of mountain meadow soil, alpine meadow soil, grey cinnamon soil, chernozem and anthropogenic-alluvial soil decreased gradually, which are mainly distributed in the farming areas of eastern Qinghai Province. This area’s carbon sequestration is less than the release quantity because of cultivation effect, and is classified as the carbon source area. The 97.5% of organic carbon storage cumulative frequency is closed to the threshold value of the organic carbon saturation. The carbon sequestration potential of the study area is 241.57×10⁶ t. Take the widely distributed chestnut soil as a case, it will take 18.66 years to reach saturation for the soil organic carbon reserves of chestnut soil.

Key words: Soil carbon stock, Soil organic carbon density, Carbon sink area, Carbon source region, Carbon sink potential.

中图分类号:

P934

图1 研究区交通位置示意图

Fig.1 Traffic sketch map of the study area

表1 土壤有机碳及碳库数据表

Table 1 Data of soil organic carbon and carbon pool

土壤类型	面积 /km²	容重 /(t/m³)	有机碳含量_二普 /%	有机碳储量_二普 /(×10⁶ t)	有机碳储量_多目标 /(×10⁶ t)	有机碳密度_多目标 /(×10³(t/km²))	差值 /(×10⁶ t)	功能区
高山草原土	1 024	1.27	1.46	3.80	13.65	13.33	9.85	碳汇区
山地草甸土	3 420	0.88	6.21	37.37	21.63	6.32	-15.74	碳源区
高山草甸土	1 620	0.89	6.39	18.44	13.73	8.48	-4.71	碳源区
灰褐土	624	1.29	9.05	14.57	5.40	8.65	-9.17	碳源区
黑钙土	4 292	1.19	3.70	37.78	18.10	4.22	-19.68	碳源区
栗钙土	11 764	1.22	1.51	43.25	43.80	3.72	0.55	碳汇区
灰钙土	1 512	1.30	0.66	2.60	2.96	1.96	0.36	碳汇区
灌淤土	484	1.29	0.84	1.05	0.71	1.47	-0.34	碳源区
沼泽土	452	0.63	7.48	4.26	6.25	13.83	1.99	碳汇区
潮土	48	1.41	0.89	0.12	0.18	3.75	0.06	碳汇区
风沙土	344	1.58	0.42	0.46	0.58	1.69	0.12	碳汇区
汇总	25 584	-	-	163.7	126.99	4.96	-36.71	碳源区

表1 土壤有机碳及碳库数据表

Table 1 Data of soil organic carbon and carbon pool

土壤类型	面积 /km²	容重 /(t/m³)	有机碳含量_二普 /%	有机碳储量_二普 /(×10⁶ t)	有机碳储量_多目标 /(×10⁶ t)	有机碳密度_多目标 /(×10³(t/km²))	差值 /(×10⁶ t)	功能区
高山草原土	1 024	1.27	1.46	3.80	13.65	13.33	9.85	碳汇区
山地草甸土	3 420	0.88	6.21	37.37	21.63	6.32	-15.74	碳源区
高山草甸土	1 620	0.89	6.39	18.44	13.73	8.48	-4.71	碳源区
灰褐土	624	1.29	9.05	14.57	5.40	8.65	-9.17	碳源区
黑钙土	4 292	1.19	3.70	37.78	18.10	4.22	-19.68	碳源区
栗钙土	11 764	1.22	1.51	43.25	43.80	3.72	0.55	碳汇区
灰钙土	1 512	1.30	0.66	2.60	2.96	1.96	0.36	碳汇区
灌淤土	484	1.29	0.84	1.05	0.71	1.47	-0.34	碳源区
沼泽土	452	0.63	7.48	4.26	6.25	13.83	1.99	碳汇区
潮土	48	1.41	0.89	0.12	0.18	3.75	0.06	碳汇区
风沙土	344	1.58	0.42	0.46	0.58	1.69	0.12	碳汇区
汇总	25 584	-	-	163.7	126.99	4.96	-36.71	碳源区

图2 研究区表土有机碳储量密度分布趋势图

Fig.2 Density distribution of topsoil organic carbon strorage in the study area

图3 研究区20年来土壤碳汇、碳源区划定趋势图

Fig.3 Spatial distribution of the soil carbon sink and carbon source in the study area over the last 20 years

表2 各土壤类型有机碳最大容量及固碳潜力统计表

Table 2 The maximum organic carbon storage capacity and potential capacity of carbon sequestration in different soil types

土壤类型	有机碳最大容量值 /10^-2	最大容量有机碳储值 /(×10⁶ t)	现有有机碳储值 /(×10⁶ t)	固碳潜力值 /(×10⁶ t)
高山草原土	9.085	23.63	13.65	9.98
山地草甸土	7.998	48.14	21.63	26.51
高山草甸土	9.330	26.90	13.73	13.17
灰褐土	8.706	14.02	5.40	8.61
黑钙土	5.877	60.03	18.10	41.93
栗钙土	6.158	176.76	43.80	132.96
灰钙土	1.949	7.66	2.96	4.70
灌淤土	1.842	2.30	0.71	1.59
沼泽土	11.040	6.29	6.25	0.04
潮土	1.830	0.25	0.18	0.07
风沙土	2.384	2.59	0.58	2.01
汇总	-	368.57	126.99	241.57

表2 各土壤类型有机碳最大容量及固碳潜力统计表

Table 2 The maximum organic carbon storage capacity and potential capacity of carbon sequestration in different soil types

土壤类型	有机碳最大容量值 /10^-2	最大容量有机碳储值 /(×10⁶ t)	现有有机碳储值 /(×10⁶ t)	固碳潜力值 /(×10⁶ t)
高山草原土	9.085	23.63	13.65	9.98
山地草甸土	7.998	48.14	21.63	26.51
高山草甸土	9.330	26.90	13.73	13.17
灰褐土	8.706	14.02	5.40	8.61
黑钙土	5.877	60.03	18.10	41.93
栗钙土	6.158	176.76	43.80	132.96
灰钙土	1.949	7.66	2.96	4.70
灌淤土	1.842	2.30	0.71	1.59
沼泽土	11.040	6.29	6.25	0.04
潮土	1.830	0.25	0.18	0.07
风沙土	2.384	2.59	0.58	2.01
汇总	-	368.57	126.99	241.57

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