西南喀斯特地区地表水热过程研究进展与展望

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2015.06.0636

西南喀斯特地区水文二元结构以及生境条件的异质性导致地表水热过程异常复杂。水热过程机理研究薄弱,已经成为生态系统退化关键过程识别、生态恢复重建推进的关键限制因素。首先从野外科学实验、陆面过程参数化、遥感反演技术3个方面简要论述了地表水热过程的研究方法,指出在喀斯特地区,目前亟需开展的工作是在样地和坡面尺度上对地表水热过程进行系统的观测和实验,以深化水热过程机理研究,并发展适用于喀斯特地区的陆面过程模式和遥感反演模型。进而评述西南喀斯特地区地表水热过程已有研究进展与存在问题：水分循环研究的重视,但在特殊的地质背景与复杂的生境条件下,土壤水分时空异质性及降雨入渗产流和土壤侵蚀过程的机理仍不明晰,而且水热耦合研究非常缺失。最后从地表水热过程机理、水热过程变化影响机制、生态系统恢复重建水热调控等方面展望了其未来发展趋势。

关键词: 地表水热过程, 土壤水分与水土流失, 喀斯特地区, 观测与模拟, 石漠化与生态恢复

Due to the dual hydrological structure and the high heterogeneous habitat in the Karst region of southwest China, the water and heat processes at land surface are very complicated. The weakness of research on the mechanisms of water movement and heat transfer among soil, vegetation and atmosphere has become the key hindering factor for identifying the mechanism of ecosystem degradation and promoting ecosystem restoration and reconstruction. In this paper, we firstly summarized three methods for investigating water and heat processes in Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum (SPAC): Field observation and experiments, parameterization of land surface processes and remote sensing technology. It was pointed out that with respect to this kind of study in the southwestern karst region, the systematic observation and experiments at the scales of sample plot and slope are necessary and urgent, which is helpful for deepening the mechanism research on water and heat processes in SPAC and further promoting the development of karst-region-suitable land surface and remote sensing model. And then, we discussed the progresses in the research of water and energy balance at land surface in the southwestern karst areas: emphasizing the study on water cycle, but neglecting the research on energy balance and water-heat coupling. Due to the special geological background and highly heterogeneous habitat, the mechanisms for spatial variability of soil moisture, slope rainfall infiltration and runoff generation were not fully understood. Finally, we explored the prospects of studies on water and energy balance in this region from three aspects: The mechanism of water and energy processes, the influencing mechanism for differences in water and energy processes between different stages of karst rocky desertification, and the regulation of ecological restoration and reconstruction based on the viewpoint of water and heat balance. This study could be helpful for developing studies on rocky desertification containment and ecosystem rehabilitation.

Key words: Karst region, Rocky desertification and ecological rehabilitation., Observation and simulation, Water and heat processes at land surface, Soil moisture and erosion

中图分类号:

P942

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摘要

The Progresses and Prospects of Research on Water and Heat Balance at Land Surface in the Karst Region of Southwest China