致密储层油气成藏机理研究现状及其关键科学问题
  <sup>*</sup>

致密油气是世界上近20年来勘探、开发和研究的热点。在大量文献资料调研的基础上,首先总结了前人对致密储层特征及成因、致密储层油气形成和分布特征以及致密储层油气运移和聚集机理等方面的研究现状;然后分析了目前国内外有关致密储层油气成藏研究的主要特点;最后提出微米—纳米级孔喉网络系统油气充注、运移和聚集机理是致密储层油气成藏机理的核心科学问题,具体体现为油气由烃源岩向致密储层的充注机理、致密储层微米—纳米级孔喉网络系统油气运移的渗流机理以及致密储层微米—纳米级孔喉网络系统油气的赋存和聚集（滞留）机理3个具体的关键科学问题,而这将是致密储层油气成藏机理下一步研究的重点。

关键词: 致密储层, 石油运移与聚集, 充注, 微米—纳米孔喉网络

Tight oil and tight gas have been a hot area of petroleum exploration, development and research for the past 20 years. Based on extensive research of literature, the study status of tight reservoir characteristics and geneses, petroleum formation and distribution characteristics in tight reservoirs, and petroleum migration and accumulation mechanism in tight reservoirs are firstly summarized in this article. Secondly, the main features of domestic and international tight oil and gas accumulation researches are analyzed. At last, the article point out that the key scientific issue of tight oil and gas pool formation is petroleum injection, migration and accumulation in micro-nano pore network systems, which refers to petroleum injection mechanism from source rocks to tight reservoirs, petroleum migration and percolation mechanism in micro-nano pore network systems and petroleum occurrence and accumulation (detention) mechanism in micro-nano pore network systems. Investigation on tight reservoir oil and gas accumulation mechanism should pay attention to three key scientific problems.

Key words: Tight reservoir, Petroleum migration and accumulation, Injection, Micro-Nano pore network.

中图分类号:

P618.3

图1 中国致密砂岩孔喉分布图（据文献[20]修改）资料来源：塔里木盆地、四川盆地、松辽盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地延长组、吐哈盆地与渤海湾盆地1478个样品

Fig.1 Pore and throat distribution of tight sandstones in China（modified from reference[20]） Data derived from 1478 rock samples of Tarim basin, Sichuan basin, Songliao basin, Yan chang formation of Ordos basin, Turpan-Hami basin and Bohai bay basin

图2 致密砂岩石油运移的压力梯度与流速的关系（非达西渗流特征）

Fig.2 Relationship between flow rate and pressure gradient in tight sandstone oil migration (non-Darcy flow characteristics)

图3 致密储层油气藏的源—储共生关系

Fig.3 Petroleum accumulation in coexisting source and tight reservoir

[1]	Pollastro R M, Cook T A, Roberts L N R, et al. Assessment of Undiscovered Oil Resources in the Devonian-Mississippian Bakken Formation, Williston Basin Province, Montana and North Dakota[R]. US: Geological Survey Fact Sheet, 2008.
[2]	Zou Caineng, Zhu Rukai, Wu Songtao, et al. Types, characteristics, genesis and prospects of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon accumulations: Taking tight oil and tight gas in China as an instance[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012,33(2): 173-187.
	[邹才能,朱如凯,吴松涛,等. 常规与非常规油气聚集类型、特征、机理及展望——以中国致密油和致密气为例[J]. 石油学报, 2012,33(2): 173-187.]
[3]	Jia Chengzao, Zheng Min, Zhang Yongfeng. Unconventional hydrocarbon resources in China and the prospect of exploration and development[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2012,39(2): 129-136.
	[贾承造,郑民,张永峰. 中国非常规油气资源与勘探开发前景[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2012,39(2): 129-136.]
[4]	Masters J A. Deep basin gas trap, Western Canada[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1979, 63(2): 152-181.
[5]	Rose P R, Everett J R, Merin I S. Possible basin centered gas accumulation, Roton basin, Southern Colorado[J]. Oil & Gas Journal, 1984, 82(40): 190-197.
[6]	Law B E, Dickinson W W. Conceptual model for origin of abnormally pressured gas accumulation in low permeability reservoirs[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1985, 69(8): 1295-1304.
[7]	Berkenpas P G. The Milk River shallow gas pool: Role of the up dip water trap and connate water in gas production from the pool[C]∥SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibitio.Dallas, Texas, USA, 1991
[8]	Weimer R J, Sonnenberg S A, Young G B, et al. Geology of tight-gas reservoirs[J].AAPG Studies in Geology, 1986,24:143-164.
[9]	Spencer C W. Review of characteristics of low permeability gas reservoirs in Western United States[J]. AAPG, 1989, 73(5): 613-629.
[10]	Law B E. Basin-centered gas systems[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2002, 86(11): 1891-1919.
[11]	Schmoker J W. Method for assessing continuous-type (unconventional) hydrocarbon accumulations[C]∥Gautier D L, Dolton G L, Takahashi K I,et al, eds. National Assessment of United States Oil and Gas Resources-Results, Methodology and Supporting Data. U. S. Colorado: Digital Data Series, 1995.
[12]	Schmoker J W, Fouch T D, Carpentier R R. Gas in the Uinta basin, Utah resources in continuous accumulations[J]. Mountain Geology, 1996, 33(4): 95-104.
[13]	Schmoker J W. Resource-assessment perspectives for unconventional gas systems[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2002, 86(11): 1993-1999.
[14]	British Petroleum Company. BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2011[R]. London: British Petroleum Company, 2011.
[15]	Jiang Lingzhi, Gu Jiayu, Guo Bincheng. Characteristics and mechanism of low permeability clastic reservoir in Chinese petroliferous basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2004, 22(1): 13-18.
	[蒋凌志,顾家裕,郭彬程. 中国含油气盆地碎屑岩低渗透储层的特征及形成机理[J]. 沉积学报, 2004, 22(1): 13-18.]
[16]	Nelson P H. Pore-throat sizes in sandstones, tight sandstones, and shales[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2009, 93(3): 329-340.
[17]	Zou Caineng, Tao Shizhen, Yuan Xuanjun, et al. The formation conditions and distribution characteristics of continuous petroleum accumulations[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2009, 30(3): 324-331.
	[邹才能,陶士振,袁选俊,等. 连续型油气藏形成条件与分布特征[J]. 石油学报, 2009, 30(3): 324-331.]
[18]	Zou Caineng, Tao Shizhen, Yuan Xuanjun, et al. Global importance of “continuous” petroleum reservoirs: Accumulation, distribution and evaluation[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2009, 36(6): 669-682.
	[邹才能,陶士振,袁选俊,等. “连续型”油气藏及其在全球的重要性:成藏、分布与评价[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2009, 36(6): 669-682.]
[19]	Cui Jingwei, Zou Caineng, Zhu Rukai, et al. New advances in shale porosity research[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2012,27(12):1319-1325.
	[崔景伟, 邹才能, 朱如凯, 等.页岩孔隙研究新进展[J].地球科学进展, 2012,27(12):1319-1325.]
[20]	Zhu Rukai, Bai Bin, Cui Jingwei, et al. Research advances of microstructure in unconventional tight oil and gas reservoirs[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2013, 15(5): 615-623.
	[朱如凯,白斌,崔景伟,等. 非常规油气致密储集层微观结构研究进展[J]. 古地理学报, 2013, 15(5): 615-623.]
[21]	Zhang Jinliang, Zhang Penghui, Xie Jun, et al. Diagenesis of clastic reservoirs: Advances and prospects[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2013, 28(9):957-967.
	[张金亮, 张鹏辉, 谢俊, 等.碎屑岩储集层成岩作用研究进展与展望[J]. 地球科学进展,2013,28(9):957-967.]
[22]	Zou Caineng. Unconventional Petroleum Geology (Second Edition)[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2013: 37-126.
	[邹才能.非常规油气地质(第二版)[M].北京: 地质出版社, 2013: 37-126.]
[23]	Hanson W B, Carrillo V, Ritger S. Evolution of the Wamsutterarch, Wyoming foreland, U.S.A.: Influence on formation of stratigraphic traps in Upper Cretaceous Almond shoreline sandstones (abs.)[J]. AAPG Annual Meeting Program, 1994, 3: 163.
[24]	Burch D N, Cluff R M. A volumetric analysis of Almond Formation (Cretaceous, Mesaverde Group) gas production in the Coal Gulch-Echo Springs-standard draw field complex, Washakie basin, southwest Wyoming[C]∥Society of Petroleum Engineers Rocky Mountain Regional Meeting. Wyoming: Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1997: 38-68.
[25]	Law B E, Curtis J B. Introduction to unconventional petroleum systems[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2002, 86(11):1851-1852.
[26]	Wang Tao. Deep Basin Gas Fields in China[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2002.
	[王涛. 中国深盆气田[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2002.]
[27]	Zhang L, Luo X, Cai C. The Diagenesis of the Main Reservoir of Suligamiao and Yulin Gas Fields in the Ordos Basin[R]. Petrochina Research Report, 2004: 46-50.
[28]	Coskey R J. Burial history modeling of the Jonah field area: An unusual and possibly unique gas accumulation in the Green River basin, Wyoming[C]∥ Robinson J R, Shanley K W, eds. Jonah Field: Case Study of a Giant Tight-gas Fluvial Reservoir. Colorado: AAPG Studies in Geology, 2004, 52: 93-125.
[29]	Zhu Guangyou, Gu Lijing, Su Jin, et al. Sedimentary association of alternated mudstones and tight sandstones in China’s oil and gas bearing basins and its natural gas accumulation[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2012, 50: 88-104.
[30]	Chen Dongxia, Pang Xiongqi, Yang Keming, et al. Porosity evolution of tight gas sand of the second member of Xujiahe Formation of Upper Triassic, Western Sichuan Depression[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2012, 42(Suppl.1): 42-51.
	[陈冬霞,庞雄奇,杨克明,等. 川西坳陷中段上三叠统须二段致密砂岩孔隙度演化史[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2012, 42(增刊1):42-51.]
[31]	Law B E, Spencer C W. Gas in tight reservoirs: An emerging major source of energy[C]∥ Howell D G, Wiese K, Fanelli M, eds. The Future of Energy Gases. U. S.: Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1993: 233-252.
[32]	Surdam R C, Jiao Z S, Heasler H P. Anomalously pressured gas compartments in Cretaceous rocks of the Laramide Basins of Wyoming: A new class of hydrocarbon accumulation[C]∥ Surdam R C, ed. Seals, Traps, and the Petroleum System. AAPG Memoir 67.Tulsa: AAPG, 1997: 199-222.
[33]	Jin Zhijun, Zhang Jinchuan, Wang Zhixin. Some remarks on deep basin gas accumulation[J]. Geological Review, 2003, 49(4): 400-407.
	[金之钧,张金川,王志欣. 深盆气成藏关键地质问题[J]. 地质论评, 2003, 49(4): 400-407.]
[34]	Schenk C J, Pollastro R M. Natural Gas Production in the United States[R]. U.S: Geological Survey Fact Sheet, 2002.
[35]	Dixon S A, Summers D M, Surdam R C. Diagenesis and preservation of porosity in Norphlet Formation (Upper Jurassic), southern Alabama[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1989, 73(6): 707-728.
[36]	Wilkinson M, Darby D, Haszeldine R S, et al. Secondary porosity generation during deep burial associated with overpressure leak-off: Fulmar Formation, United Kingdom Central Graben[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1997, 81(5): 803-813.
[37]	Worden R H, Smalley P C, Oxtoby N H. Can oil emplacement stop quartz cementation in sandstones?[J]. Petroleum Geoscience, 1998, 4: 129-138.
[38]	Marchand A M E, Haszeldine R S, Smalley P C, et al. Evidence for reduced quartz-cementation rates in oil-filled sandstones[J]. Geology, 2001, 29: 915-918.
[39]	Marchand A M E, Smalley P C, Haszeldine R S, et al. Note on the importance of hydrocarbon fill for reservoir quality prediction in sandstones[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2002, 86(9): 1561-1571.
[40]	Bloch S, Lander R H, Bonnell L. Anomalously high porosity and permeability in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs: Origin and predictability[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2002, 86(2): 301-328.
[41]	Haszeldine R S, Cavanagh A J, EnglandGavin L. Effects of oil charge on illite dates and stopping quartz cement: Calibration of basin models[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2003, 78/79: 373-376.
[42]	Shanley K W. Fluvial reservoir description for a Giant, Low-permeability Gas Field: Jonah field, Green River Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A.[C]∥Robinson J W, Shanley K W, eds. Jonah Field: Case Study of A Tight-Gas Fluvial Reservoir: AAPG Studies in Geology 52 and Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists 2004 Guidebook. Colorado, U.S.A: The American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2004.
[43]	Jiang Zhenxue, Lin Shiguo, Pang Xiongqi, et al. The comparisonof two types of tight sand gas reservoir[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2006, 28(3): 210-214.
	[姜振学,林世国,庞雄奇,等. 两种类型致密砂岩气藏对比[J]. 石油实验地质, 2006, 28(3): 210-214.]
[44]	Li Zhuo, Jiang Zhenxue, Pang Xiongqi, et al. Genetic types of the tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, NW China[J]. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2013, 38(1): 156-164.
	[李卓,姜振学,庞雄奇,等. 塔里木盆地库车坳陷致密砂岩气藏成因类型[J]. 地球科学:中国地质大学学报, 2013, 38(1): 156-164.]
[45]	Hou Qijun, Wei Zhaosheng, Zhao Zhanyin. Deep basin reservoir in Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2006, 33(4): 406-411.
	[侯启军,魏兆胜,赵占银,等. 松辽盆地的深盆油藏[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2006, 33(4): 406-411.]
[46]	Wu Heyong, Liang Xiaodong, Xiang Caifu, et al. Discussion on the syn-cline reservoir characteristics and forming mechanism of the Songliao Basin[J]. Science in China (Series D), 2007, 31(2): 185-191.
	[吴河勇,梁晓东,向才富,等. 松辽盆地向斜油藏特征及成藏机理探讨[J]. 中国科学:D辑, 2007, 31(2): 185-191.]
[47]	Yurewicz D A, Bohacs K M, Kendall J. Controls on gas and water distribution, Mesaverde basin-centered gas play, Piceance Basin, Colorado[J]. AAPG Hedberg Series, 2008,3: 105-136.
[48]	Sonneberg S A, Pramudito A. Petroleum geology of the giant ElmCoulee field, Williston Basin[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2009, 93(9): 1127-1153.
[49]	Nordeng S H. The Bakken petroleum system: An example of a continuous petroleum accumulation[J]. North Dakota Department of Mineral Resources Newsletter, 2009, 36(1):19-22.
[50]	Carpentier B, Arab H, Pluchery E, et al. Tar mats and residual oil distribution in a giant oil field offshore Abu Dhabi[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2007, 58:472-490.
[51]	Ramirez P, Stocco A, Munoz J, et al. Interfacial rheology and conformations of triblock copolymers adsorbed onto the water-oil interface[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2012, 378: 135-143.
[52]	Zhang Jinliang, Chang Xiangchun, Zhang Jingong. Deep basin gas trap in the Upper Paleozoic of Ordos Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2000, 27(4): 30-35.
	[张金亮,常象春,张金功.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界深盆气藏研究[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2000,27(4): 30-35.]
[53]	Zhang Jinchuan, Liu Lifang, Tang Xuan, et al. Abnormal pressure in the source-contacting gas reservoir in western Sichuan Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers, 2008, 15(2): 147-155.
	[张金川,刘丽芳,唐玄,等.川西坳陷根缘气藏异常地层压力[J]. 地学前缘, 2008,15(2): 147-155.]
[54]	Mi Jingkui, Xiao Xianming, Liu Dehan, et al. Determination of paleo-pressure for a natural gas pool formation based on PVT characteristics of inclusion in reservoir rock—A case study of Upper-Plaeozoic deep basin gas trap of Ordos Basin[J]. Science in China(Series D), 2003, 33(7): 679-685.
	[米敬奎,肖贤明,刘德汉,等. 利用储层流体包裹体的PVT特征模拟计算天然气藏形成古压力——以鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界深盆气藏为例[J]. 中国科学:D辑, 2003, 33(7): 679-685.]
[55]	Yang Hua, Liu Xianyang, Zhang Caili, et al. The main controlling factors and distribution of low permeability lithologic reservoirs of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2007, 19(3): 1-6.
	[杨华,刘显阳,张才利,等. 鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组低渗透岩性油藏主控因素及其分布规律[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2007, 19(3): 1-6.]
[56]	Liu Xinshe, Xi Shengli, Huang Daojun, et al. Dynamic conditions of Mesozoic petroleum secondary migration, Ordos Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2008, 35(2): 143-147.
	[刘新社,席胜利,黄道军,等. 鄂尔多斯盆地中生界石油二次运移动力条件[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2008, 35(2): 143-147.]
[57]	Fu Jinhua, Luo Anxiang, Yu Jian, et al. Geological features of reservoir formation and exploration strategy of Xifeng Oilfield[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2004, 25(2): 25-29.
	[付金华,罗安湘,喻建,等. 西峰油田成藏地质特征及勘探方向[J]. 石油学报, 2004, 25(2): 25-29.]
[58]	Fu Xiaofei, Ping Guidong, Fan Ruidong, et al. Research on migration and accumulation mechanism of hydrocarbon “Reversed migration” in Fuyu and Yangdachengzi Formation in Sanzhao Depression[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2009,21(3): 558-566.
	[付晓飞,平贵东,范瑞东,等. 三肇凹陷扶杨油层油气“倒灌”运聚成藏规律研究[J]. 沉积学报, 2009, 21(3): 558-566.]
[59]	Li Mingcheng, Li Jian. Dynamic trap: A main action of hydrocarbon charging to form accumulations in low permeability tight reservoir[J].Acta Petroleisinica, 2010, 31(5): 718-722.
	[李明诚,李剑. “动力圈闭”——低渗透致密储层中油气充注成藏的主要作用[J]. 石油学报, 2010, 31(5): 718-722.]
[60]	Meissner F F, Banks R B. Computer simulation of hydrocarbon generation, migration, and accumulation under hydrodynamic conditions-Examples from the Williston and San Juan basins, U.S.A.[C]∥Oral Presentation at AAPG International Conference and Exhibition. Bali, Indonesia, 2000.
[61]	Pascal J P, Pascal H. Non-linear effects on some unsteady non-darcian flows through porous media[J]. Non-linear Mechanica, 1997, 32(2): 361-376.
[62]	Prada A, Civan F. Modification of Darcy’s law for the threshold pressure gradient[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 1999, 22(4): 237-240.
[63]	Skjetne E, Auriault J L. New insights on steady, non-linear flow in porous media[J]. European Journal of Mechanics-B/Fluids, 1999, 18: 131-145.
[64]	Yan Qinglai, He Qiuxuan, Wei Ligang, et al. A laboratory study on percolation characteristics of single phase flow in low-permeability reservoirs[J]. Journal of Xi’an Petroleum Institute (Natural Science Edition),1990, 5(2): 1-6.
	[闫庆来,何秋轩,尉立岗,等. 低渗透油层中单相液体渗流特征的实验研究[J]. 西安石油大学学报:自然科学版, 1990, 5(2): 1-6.]
[65]	Huang Yanzhang. Percolation Mechanism of Low-Permeability Reservoirs[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1999.
	[黄延章. 低渗透油层渗流机理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999.]
[66]	Ruan Min, He Qiuxuan. Determination of the critical point of nondarcy flow through low permeability porous media and judgement of Darcy flow and non-Darcy flow[J]. Journal of Xi’an Petroleum Institute (Natural Science Edition), 1999, 14(3): 16-17.
	[阮敏,何秋轩. 低渗透非达西渗流临界点及临界参数判别法[J]. 西安石油学院学报:自然科学版, 1999, 14(3): 16-17.]
[67]	Ruan Min, He Qiuxuan. A study of the overall criterion for judging the non—Darcy flow through low permeability porous media[J]. Journal of Xi’an Petroleum Institute (Natural Science Edition), 1999,14(4): 53-55.
	[阮敏,何秋轩. 低渗透非达西渗流综合判据初探[J]. 西安石油学院学报:自然科学版, 1999,14(4): 53-55.]
[68]	Yao Yuedong, Ge Jiali. Study on the new pattern and its rules of oil flow in porous media[J]. Journal of Chongqing University (Natural Science Edition), 2000, 23(Suppl.1): 150-153.
	[姚约东,葛家理. 石油渗流新的运动形态及其规律[J]. 重庆大学学报:自然科学版, 2000, 23(增刊1): 150-153.]
[69]	Yao Yuedong, Ge Jiali. Study on Non-darcy flow pattern in low permeability oil reservoir[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2000, 21(3): 213-215.
	[姚约东,葛家理. 低渗透油层非达西渗流规律的研究[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2000, 21(3): 213-215.]
[70]	Yao Yuedong, Ge Jiali, Wei Junzhi. Study on the fluid flow in low permeability reservoir[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2001, 28(4): 73-75.
	[姚约东,葛家理,魏俊之. 低渗透油层渗流规律的研究[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2001, 28(4): 73-75.]
[71]	Lü Chengyuan, Wang Jian, Sun Zhigang. An experimental study on starting pressure gradient of fluids flow in low permeability sandstone porous media[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2002, 29(2): 86-89.
	[吕成远,王建,孙志刚. 低渗透砂岩油藏渗流启动压力梯度实验研究[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2002, 29(2): 86-89.]
[72]	Hadim H. Non-Darcy natural convection of a non-Newtonian fluid in a porous cavity[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2006, 33: 1179-1189.
[73]	Larsson J, Ragnar L. Non-linear analysis of nearly saturated porous media: Theoretical and numerical formulation[J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2002, 191: 3885-3907.
[74]	Dmitriyev N M, Maksimov V M. Non-linear laws of fluid flow through anisotropic porous meida[J]. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 2001, 65(6): 935-940.
[75]	Ochoa-Tapia J A, Valdes-Parada F J, Alvarez-Ramirez J. A fractional-order Darcy’s law[J]. Physica A-Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 2007, 374(1): 1-14.
[76]	Li Daopin. Brief introduction to low-permeability oilfield development[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 1997, 16(3): 36-40.
	[李道品. 低渗透油田开发概论[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发, 1997, 16(3): 36-40.]
[77]	Cheng Shiqing, Chen Mingzhuo. Numerical simulation of two-dimensional two-phase non-Darcy slow flow[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 1998, 25(1): 57-59.
	[程时清,陈明卓. 油水两相低速非达西渗流数值模拟[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 1998, 25(1): 57-59.]
[78]	Ewing R E, Wang J, Weekes S L. On the simulation of multicomponent gas flow in porous media[J]. Applied Numerical Mathematics, 1999, 31: 405-427.
[79]	Nithiarasu P, Seetharamu K N, Sundararajan T. Numerical investigation of buoyancy driven fow in a fuid saturated non-Darcian porous medium[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1999, 42: 1205-1215.
[80]	Nithiarasu P, Sujatha K S, Ravindran K,et al. Non-Darcy natural convection in a hydrodynamically and thermally anisotropic porous medium[J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2000, 188: 413-430.
[81]	Saghir M Z, Chaalal O, Islam M R. Numerical and experimental modeling of viscous fingering during liquid-liquid miscible displacement[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2000, 26: 253-262.
[82]	Civan F. Leaky-tank reservoir model including the non-Darcy effect[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2000, 28: 87-93.
[83]	Cello G, Tondi E, Micarelli L, et al. Fault zone fabrics and geofluid properties as indicators of rock deformation modes[J]. Journal of Geodynamics, 2001, 32: 543-565.
[84]	Fadili A, Philippe M J, Tardy J R, et al. A 3D filtration law for power-law fluids in heterogeneous porous media[J]. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech,2002, 106(2/3): 121-146.
[85]	Merrikh A A, Mohamad A A. Non-Darcy effects in buoyancy driven flows in an enclosure filled with vertically layered porous media[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2002, 45(21): 4305-4313.
[86]	Huang Yuanzhi, Wang Enzhi, Han Xiaomei. Non-Darcy percolation mechanism for seepage in low-permeability rock[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology), 2005, 45(9): 1202-1205.
	[黄远智,王恩志,韩小妹. 低渗透岩石非饱和非Darcy渗流机理[J]. 清华大学学报:自然科学版, 2005, 45(9): 1 202-1 205.]
[87]	Zhu Zhiqiang, Zeng Jianhui, Wu Heyong, et al. An experimental study on oil migration and accumulation in low-permeability sandstone[J].Oil & Gas Geology, 2007, 28(2): 229-234.
	[朱志强,曾溅辉,吴河勇,等. 低渗透砂岩石油运移及成藏特征模拟实验[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2007, 28(2): 229-234.]
[88]	Zhu Zhiqiang, Zeng Jianhui, Wang Jianjun, et al. An experimental study on flow characteristics of oil migration in low-permeability sandstone under condition of oil accumulation[J]. Geoscience, 2009,23(4): 761-766.
	[朱志强,曾溅辉,王建君,等. 油气成藏条件下低渗透砂岩石油运移的渗流特征实验研究[J]. 现代地质, 2009,23(4): 761-766.]
[89]	Unal I, Ersan M G. Oil agglomeration of a lignite treated with microwave energy: Effect of particle size and bridging oil[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2005, 87(1):71-76.
[90]	Liu Yueqiang, Zhu Qing, Liang Wenfa, et al. Research on the movable oil in reservoirs with low permeability in Qiuling oilfield with nuclear magnetic resonance technology[J].Xinjiang Geology, 2006, (1): 52-54.
	[刘曰强,朱晴,梁文发,等. 利用核磁共振技术对丘陵油田低渗储层可动油的研究[J]. 新疆地质, 2006,(1): 52-54.]
[91]	Wang Ruifei, Sun Wei, Yang Hua. Micro mechanism of water drive in ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences), 2010,46(6): 29-33.
	[王瑞飞,孙卫,杨华. 特低渗透砂岩油藏水驱微观机理[J]. 兰州大学学报:自然科学版, 2010,46(6): 29-33.]
[92]	Davis J S. Modeling Gas migration, distribution, and saturation in a structurally and petrologically evolving tight gas reservoir[C]∥International Petroleum Technology Conference. Bangkok: International Petroleum Technology Conference,2011.
[93]	Chen Fajing. Application of basin structure analysis in China’s petroleum prospecting and exploration[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 1989, 10(3): 247-255.
	[陈发景. 盆地构造分析在我国油气普查和勘探中的作用[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 1989, 10(3): 247-255.]
[94]	Wang Xinzhou,Song Yitao,Wang Xuejun,et al. Physical Simulation of Petroleum Formation and Oil Expulsion: Methods, Mechanism and Application[M]. Dongying: China University of Petroleum Press, 1996: 145-164.
	[王新洲,宋一涛,王学军,等. 石油成因与排油物理模拟方法及应用[M]. 东营:中国石油大学出版社,1996: 145-164.]
[95]	Inan S, Yalcin M N, Mann U. Expulsion of oil from petroleum source rocks: Inferences from pyrolysis of samples of unconventional grain size[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 1998, 29(1/3): 45-61.
[96]	Chen Zhonghong, Zha Ming. The structure of source rocks and characteristics of hydrocarbon expulsion—An example from Paleogene system in Jiyang Depression[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2003, 30(6): 45-47.
	[陈中红,查明. 济阳坳陷古近系烃源岩结构及排烃的非均一性[J].石油勘探与开发, 2003, 30(6): 45-47.]
[97]	Chen Zhonghong, Liu Wei. Key factors of controlling the hydrocarbon expulsion of the source rock in Dongying Sag[J]. Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University (Natural Science Edition), 2007,22(6): 40-43.
	[陈中红,刘伟. 控制东营凹陷烃源岩排烃的几个关键因素[J]. 西安石油大学学报:自然科学版, 2007,22(6): 40-43.]
[98]	Liu Qing, Zhang Linye, Shen Zhongmin,et al. Microfracture occurrence and its significance to the hydrocarbon’s expulsion in source rocks with high organic matter abundance, Dongying depression[J]. Geological Review, 2004, 50(6): 593-597.
	[刘庆,张林晔,沈忠民,等. 东营凹陷富有机质烃源岩顺层微裂隙的发育与油气运移[J]. 地质论评, 2004, 50(6): 593-597.]
[99]	Liu Zhen, Liu Jingjing, Wang Wei, et al. Experimental analyses sandstones:On critical conditions of oil charge for low permeability a case study of Xifeng oilfield,Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(6):996-1002.
	[刘震, 刘静静, 王伟, 等.低孔渗砂岩石油充注临界条件实验——以西峰油田为例[J]. 石油学报,2012, 33(6):996-1002.]
[100]	Jiao Cuihua, Xia Dongdong, Wang Jun, et al. Methods for determining the petrophysical property cutoffs of extra-low porosity and permeability sandstone reservoirs—An example from the Xishanyao Formation reservoirs in Yongjin oilfield[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2009, 30(3):379-383.
	[焦翠华, 夏冬冬, 王军, 等.特低渗砂岩储层物性下限确定方法——以永进油田西山窑组储集层为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2009,30(3):379-383.]
[101]	Zhang Hong, Zhang Shuichang, Liu Shaobo, et al. A theoretical discussion on the oil-charging throat threshold for tight reservoirs and case study[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2014,41(3) :1-8.
	[张洪, 张水昌, 柳少波, 等.致密油充注孔喉下限的理论探讨及实例分析[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):1-8.]
[102]	Li Qing, Zhao Feng,Liu Peng. Determination of lower limits of porosity and permeability of tight sand gas reservoirs in the eastern block of the Sulige Gas field[J].Natural Gas Industry, 2012, 32(6):31-35.
	[黎菁, 赵峰, 刘鹏.苏里格气田东区致密砂岩气藏储层物性下限值的确定[J].天然气工业,2012, 32(6):31-35.]
[103]	Sun W, Qu Z, Tang G. Characterization of water injection in low permeability rock using sandstone micromobles[J]. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 2004, 56(5): 71-72.
[104]	Schembre J M, Kovscek A R. Thermally induced fines mobi-lization: It’s relationship to wettability and formation damage[C]∥SPE, ed. International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium and Western Regional Meeting Treatise. Calfornia: SPE, 2004.
[105]	Sun Wei, Shi Cheng’en, Zhao Jingzhe, et al. Application of X-CT scanned image technique in the research of micro-pore texture and percolation mechanism in ultra-permeable oil field[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2006, 80(5): 775-779.
	[孙卫,史成恩,赵惊蛰,等. X-CT扫描成像技术在特低渗透储层微观孔隙结构及渗流机理研究中的应用——以西峰油田庄19井区长8储层为例[J]. 地质学报, 2006, 80(5): 775-779.]
[106]	Zou Caineng, Zhu Rukai, Bai Bin, et al. First discovery of nano-pore throat in oil and gas reservoir in China and its scientific value[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2011, 27(6): 1857-1864.
	[邹才能,朱如凯,白斌,等. 中国油气储层中纳米孔首次发现及其科学价值[J]. 岩石学报, 2011, 27(6): 1857-1864.]
[107]	Zou Caineng, Li Jianzhong, Dong Dazhong, et al. The first discovery of rich nanoscale porosity in China’s shale gas reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exporation and Development, 2010, 37(5): 508-509.
	[邹才能,李建忠,董大忠,等. 中国首次在页岩气储集层中发现丰富的纳米级孔隙[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2010, 37(5): 508-509.]
[108]	Alshibli K A, Alramahi B A, Attia A M. Assessment of spatial distribution of porosity in synthetic quartz cores using microfocus computed tomography (mu CT)[J]. Particulate Science and Technology, 2006, 24(4):369-380.
[109]	Mantha N M, Schindler M, Murayama M, et al. Silica-and sulfate-bearing rock coatings in smelter areas: Products of chemical weathering and atmospheric pollution I. Formation and mineralogical composition[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2012, 85: 254-274.
[110]	Camp W K. Basin-centered gas or subtle conventional traps?[C]∥Cumella S P, Shanley K W, Camp W K, eds. Understanding, Exploring, and Developing Tight-gas Sands-2005 Vail Hedberg Conference: AAPG Hedberg Series, 2008

[1]	郑庆华, 柳益群. 鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区延长组长4+5致密油层成岩作用及成岩相[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(1): 78-90.
[2]	曾溅辉, 杨智峰, 冯枭, 乔俊程, 张忠义. 致密储层油气成藏机理研究现状及其关键科学问题[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(6): 651-661.
[3]	葛云锦，陈勇，周瑶琪，周振柱. 实验模拟碳酸盐岩储层包裹体对油气充注的响应[J]. 地球科学进展, 2011, 26(10): 1050-1056.
[4]	周新桂,操成杰,袁嘉音. 储层构造裂缝定量预测与油气渗流规律研究现状和进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2003, 18(3): 398-404.
[5]	辛仁臣. 油气成藏系统──概念、分类和应用[J]. 地球科学进展, 1997, 12(3): 265-269.

阅读次数

全文

摘要

Study Status and Key Scientific Issue of Tight Reservoir Oil and Gas Accumulation Mechanism