储层构造裂缝定量预测与油气渗流规律研究现状和进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2003.03.0398

裂缝型油气藏是21世纪石油增储上产的重要领域之一，但裂缝储层本身的复杂性在一定程度上增加了研究难度。从国内外研究现状来看，尚缺乏一个能全面解决构造裂缝定量预测问题的研究方法，对裂缝型油气藏预测及评价研究仍处于探索阶段。储层裂缝研究主要涉及 3个方面的关键内容，即地下裂缝识别、裂缝空间分布预测和裂缝参数定量表征。构造裂缝发育规律、形态特征以及油气等流体渗流规律主要受控于构造应力场和储层岩石物理性质的非均质性。强调构造应力场与岩石力学属性相互作用的研究方法已成为构造裂缝空间定量预测的主流，固体应力场和流体压力场的联合作用构成流体运移的驱动机制。我国拥有相当数量的裂缝储层的地质储量，进行裂缝型油气藏研究与预测，无论对西部还是东部深层油气藏的勘探突破均有深远意义。系统综述了储层裂缝定量研究和预测方法以及裂缝储层油气渗流规律的研究现状。

关键词: 致密储层, 天然裂缝系统, 裂缝定量预测, 油气运移规律

The fractured oil-gas pools are one of the most important realms of petroleum reserves increasing in the 21st century. However, it is very difficult for people to do research on fractured reservoirs because of its problem complexity. In fact, it has been being an impediment of petroleum industry development. Seeing from domestic and international present research condition, the quantitative prediction of spacial distributive law of denseness fractured reservoirs, quantitative depiction of reservoir fractures parameters and quantitative research of oil-gas migration law are still disciplinary frontiers of petroleum geology. The study methods of estimation and evaluation of fractured reservoirs still is now exploring. Fracture research primarily contains three contents: to identify the underground fracture, to forecast the fracture spacial distribution, and to describe the fracture parameters quantitatively. Although there exist many research methods on fractures from 60 ages in the last century to now, we still lack a perfect research method which can resolve the quantitative forecast of tectonic fractures. We contend that tectonic fractures morphological character, distribution law and oil-gas seepage or migration law in fractured reservoirs are mainly controlled by tectonic stress field and petrophysical properties anisotropy, and think that the study method of emphasizing the interaction effect of tectonic stress (exterior condition) and rock mechanics (interior factors) may become the mainstream of quantitative forecast of reservoir fractures. Coupling of solid stress field and hydro-pressure field constitute the drive force of oil-gas migration. The fractured oil-gas pools are one of the most difficult objects of oil-gas exploration and development. In China there is a great number of reserves in the fractured reservoirs. To study and forecast the fracture oil-gas pools, it must be very benefit for the reserves finding in the east and west part of China. This paper summarizes by the numbers the research situation and progresses on quantitative prediction of nature fracture system of reservoir and the second migration law of oil-gas. We hope that the paper will enlighten petroleum researchers on the subject, and hope it can help them serve for the research of Chinese oil-gas resources from the denseness fractured reservoirs.

Key words: Denseness reservoirs, Natural fractures system, Quantitative forecast of fractures, Hydrocarbon migration law.

中图分类号:

P618．130．2＋5

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摘要

THE RESEARCH ACTUALITY AND MAJOR PROGRESSES ON THE QUANTITATIVE FORECAST OF RESERVOIR FRACTURES AND HYDROCARBON MIGRATION LAW