重力场中正高的理论与研究

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2005.04.0455

地球科学进展 ›› 2005, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (4): 455 -458. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2005.04.0455

重力场中正高的理论与研究

张赤军 ¹，边少锋 ²

1.中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所开放实验室，湖北武汉 430077；2.海军工程大学四系，湖北武汉 430033

收稿日期:2004-05-20 修回日期:2004-09-16 出版日期:2005-04-25
通讯作者: 张赤军
基金资助:
国家杰出青年自然科学基金项目“地球物理或大地测量”(编号：40125012)资助.

THEORY AND RESEARCH OF ORTHOMTRIC HEIGHT IN GRAVITY FIELD SEA LEVEL

ZHANG Chijun ¹;BIAN Shaofeng ²

1.Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China; 2.The Fourth Department University of Navy Engineering,Wuhan 430033,China

Received:2004-05-20 Revised:2004-09-16 Online:2005-04-25 Published:2005-04-25

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在大地测量学中的正高又称海拔高，它为地球重力场所制约，海拔高在当今数字地球中占有重要位置，它的功用已表现在经济、国防建设科学研究等诸多方面。尽管近50年来我国仍采用正常高系统，但随着时代的发展、研究的深入，如今推求正高的精度又与正常高的非常接近，况且它又符合我国幅员广大的高海拔山区的实际情况，因此用正高（系统）代替正常高（系统）的观念将会被人们所接受。这里对正高研究与发展的3个阶段进行了阐述，它们是：正高的定义与近似值，正常高的提出，正高的精确值的推求；还对高程(正高)基准面(geoid)上w0（大地水准面上的位值）的推求方法加以介绍。

关键词: 正高, 海拔, 正常高, 大地水准面, w₀

Orthometric height i.e., Height above sea level (HASL), it is confined by the earth gravity and is an important geodetic concept, which has been widely applied to the field of economics, military defense, scientific research and son on. For nearly fifty years, concept of normal height has been adopted in China. However, thanks to the rapid development in geodesy and other computation technology, the HASL can be computed as accurately as the normal height. Particularly, the HASL is very fit to the case of wide and high multimountain areas of China. This ideal of orthometric height would be accepted by many people. This study will make a review of three historic periods of the development of HASL theory. The three periods are characterized by (1) definition and approximated evaluation of HASL; (2) proposition of HASL and (3) precise evaluation of HASL. Furthermore, this study also introduces the method of compute on the basic orthometric height level (geoid).

Key words: Height above sea level, Orthometric height, Normal height, Geoid.

中图分类号:

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