压实膨润土作为高放射性废物深地质处置库最理想的缓冲/回填材料，其水化膨胀力受蒙脱石矿物膨胀与多重孔隙结构调整的共同影响。在阐述压实膨润土多尺度结构特点的基础上，系统总结了膨胀力跨尺度传递机制及理论模型的最新研究进展。结果表明，水化过程中，层叠体裂解对表面电势产生影响，增加负电性并加剧层叠体的膨胀趋势。水化过程使集合体内和集合体间的孔隙数量变多、体积变小，造成孔隙周围的层叠体和集合体发生“卸荷”效应，致使膨胀力跨尺度传递时发生衰减。然而，现有研究未能定量评价膨胀力跨尺度传递机制，尤其对多物理场影响下膨胀力传递机制的研究尚少。虽然学者基于不同尺度结构特点建立了相应的膨胀力关联模型，但定量评价水化膨胀力对其孔隙结构物理力学影响的研究仍未见报道。基于此，揭示水化过程中孔隙结构调整的物理力学原理、探究多物理场对膨胀力传递的影响机理，以及构建多场耦合作用下膨胀力跨尺度传递模型是今后研究的重点。同时，结构状态集合理论通过划分微结构元，为建立统一的压实膨润土膨胀力跨尺度传递模型提供了新思路。

Compacted bentonite is an ideal buffer/backfill material for high-level waste repositories, and its hydration swelling pressure is critical to the structural stability of the repository. The swelling pressure generated during its hydration is a result of the combined effect of the montmorillonite swelling and the multi-scale structural adjustment. In this paper, the multi-scale structural characteristics of compacted bentonite are described, and the research advances of the cross-scale swelling pressure transfer mechanism and theoretical model are systematically summarized. It shows that the hydration cleavage of quasicrystals has an effect on their surface electric potential, increasing the negativity and exacerbating the swelling capacity. The hydration process causes the number of pores to increase and the volume to decrease, resulting in the unloading effect of quasicrystals and aggregates around the pores, which leads to the attenuation of the swelling pressure in the crossscale transmission. However, existing studies have not yet quantitatively evaluate the cross-scale transfer mechanism of swelling pressure, and the influence of multi-physical fields on the transfer mechanism is not clear. Corresponding cross-scale swelling pressure correlation models have been established based on the structural characteristics of different scales, but they have not yet quantitatively evaluated the effect of hydration swelling pressure on the physical mechanics of their pore structures. Based on this, revealing the physico-mechanical principles of pore structure evolution in the hydration process, exploring the influence of multi-physical fields on the swelling pressure transfer mechanism, and constructing the theoretical models for cross-scale swelling pressure transfer are the focuses of future research. And the structural state set theory provides a new idea for the establishment of a unified system of compacted bentonite swelling pressure cross-scale transfer model by dividing the microstructure elements.