地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 1215 -1222. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.12.1215.

综述与评述    下一篇

大陆架划界科学技术及其在海上丝路合作中的应用前景分析 *
孙湫词 1( ), 方银霞 1, 2, *( ), 李家彪 1, 2   
  1. 1.自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江 杭州 310012
    2.自然资源部海底科学重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012
  • 收稿日期:2018-08-27 出版日期:2018-12-10
  • 通讯作者: 方银霞 E-mail:sunqiuci@sio.org.cn;fangyx@sio.org.cn
  • 基金资助:
    *国家重点研发计划项目“海洋划界决策支持系统研发与应用”(编号:2017YFC1405502)资助.

Science and Technology of Delimitation of Continental Shelf and Its Application in Maritime Silk Road Cooperation *

Qiuci Sun 1( ), Yinxia Fang 1, 2, *( ), Jiabiao Li 1, 2   

  1. 1.Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Nature Resources, Zhejiang Hangzhou 310012, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, Ministry of Nature Resources, Zhejiang Hangzhou 310012, China
  • Received:2018-08-27 Online:2018-12-10 Published:2019-01-18
  • Contact: Yinxia Fang E-mail:sunqiuci@sio.org.cn;fangyx@sio.org.cn
  • About author:

    First author:Sun Qiuci(1986-),female, Haining City, Zhejiang Province, Engineer. Research areas include marine management science. E-mail:sunqiuci@sio.org.cn

  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China "Research and application on the decision support system for maritime boundary delimitation"(No.2017YFC1405502).
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大陆架划界是国际海洋科技领域新兴交叉的学科,是依据《联合国海洋法公约》的国际规则利用科技手段来拓展沿海国管辖范围,事关国家海洋主权权益,是世界各国争相发展的科技热点。我国与世界海洋强国同步启动了该领域的研究,并在大陆架划界地质模型、探测技术和划界系统等方面形成了创新优势,成为我国对外海洋科技合作的全新纽带,也是21世纪海上丝绸之路合作的重要内容。详细介绍了沿海国200海里(370 km)以外大陆架划界的基本原则与划界方法、世界各国大陆架划界动态、我国的大陆架划界科技创新发展以及在海上丝路合作中的应用前景,提出应大力拓展海上丝路大陆架划界科技合作,推动我国大陆架划界科技跨越发展,提升我国在国际海洋事务中的影响力和话语权。

关键词: 大陆架划界, 《联合国海洋法公约》, 海上丝路

Delimitation of the continental shelf is an emerging interdisciplinary discipline in the field of international marine science and technology. It uses the scientific and technological means to expand the jurisdiction of coastal states based on the international rules of the 《United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea》. Therefore, it is related to the marine sovereignty rights and interests of a country and also a hot topic of science and technology that all countries have competed to develop. China has launched the research in this field simultaneously with the world's maritime powers, and formed its innovative advantages in such aspects as geological models, detection techniques and delimitation systems in the delimitation of continental shelf, which have become the brand new ties for China's cooperation with foreign countries in marine science and technology, and also the important field in the maritime silk road cooperation in the 21st century. This paper introduced the basic principles and methods in the delimitation of continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles (370 km), progress in the delimitation of the global continental shelf, and China's innovative science and technology as well as its application in maritime Silk Road cooperation, and provided the prospect of the future scientific and technological cooperation with foreign countries and development in this filed. And it was suggested China should develop the scientific and technological cooperation on the delimitation of the continental shelf along the Silk Road, promote the scientific and technological development of the delimitation of the continental shelf in China, and enhance China's influence and voice in international ocean affairs.

Key words: Delimitation of the Continental Shelf, UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, Maritime Silk Road.

中图分类号: 

图1 沿海国大陆架外部界限划定方法示意图
Fig.1 The schematic diagram showing the determination methods of the outer limit of the continental shelf of costal states
表1 全球大陆架划界地质模型
Table 1 Geological model of the delimitation of the global continental shelf
大陆架划界
主要类型		 离散型 汇聚型 洋岛型
大陆架划界
不同亚类		 火山型 非火山型 侵蚀俯冲带 增生俯冲带 陆块 海台
充裕沉积 贫瘠沉积 增生—碰撞陆块 增生—碰撞海台 海山(链) 洋中脊
复杂陆架 平直陆架 增生—碰撞海山 弧后盆地 残留弧 汇聚—洋岛
陆缘海台 海底高原
陆缘洋脊 深海扇
图2 大陆架划界决策分析系统框架图
Fig.2 The framework of decision-making analysis system of the delimitation of the continental shelf
表2 “海上丝路”沿线部分国家大陆架划界工作进展(截止2018年6月)
Table 2 Progress in the delimitation of the continental shelf of the costal states along the "Silk Road" (as of June 2018)
洲别 国家 审议进展
亚洲 中国 东海部分划界案已提交,等待审议中
印尼 关于苏门达腊岛西北区的部分划界案已完成审议,有可能会提新的划界案
马来西亚 与越南联合提交的中国南海南部划界案推迟审议
菲律宾 关于贝汉姆隆起部分划界案已完成审议,有可能会提新的划界案
新加坡 未提交划界案
越南 关于南海北部划界案推迟审议、与马来西亚联合提交的中国南海南部划界案推迟审议
缅甸 推迟审议
斯里兰卡 正在审议中
也门 关于索科垂岛东南划界案推迟审议
阿曼 等待审议中
非洲 索马里 划界案推迟审议(涉及索马里与其邻国肯尼亚和也门关于双边大陆架划界的未决问题)
肯尼亚 正在审议中
马尔代夫 等待审议中
毛里求斯 关于罗德里格斯岛划界案暂停审议,等待数据补充
尼日利亚 已经通过委员会建议
科特迪瓦 正在审议中
塞舌尔 数据补充后的划界案正在审议中
南非 正在审议中
马达加斯加 等待审议中
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