中国遥感卫星辐射校正场热红外通道在轨场地辐射定标方法精度评估

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.02.0171.

地球科学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 171 -179. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.02.0171.

张勇(

), 戎志国, 闵敏

中国遥感卫星辐射测量与定标重点开放实验室,国家卫星气象中心,北京 100081

收稿日期:2015-11-10 修回日期:2016-01-10 出版日期:2016-02-20
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“自旋稳定静止气象卫星星上黑体辐射定标修正模型研究”(编号:41171275) 和“热红外遥感传感器辐射定标的模型融合与综合方法研究”(编号:40701118)资助

Accuracy Evaluations of the CRCS In-orbit Field Radiometric Calibration Methods for Thermal Infrared Channels

Yong Zhang( ), Zhiguo Rong, Min Min

Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, China Meteorological Administration (LRCVES/CMA), Beijing 100081, China

Received:2015-11-10 Revised:2016-01-10 Online:2016-02-20 Published:2016-02-10
About author:
First author:Zhang Yong(1977-),male,Zhenba County,Shaanxi Province,Associate Professor. Research areas include quantitative remote sensing, remote sensors calibration and validation, theory and applications of thermal infrared remote sensing.E-mail:zhangyong@cma.gov.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Research on the onboard blackbody radiometric calibration revising models of spinning geostationary meteorological satellites”(No.41171275) and “Research on model integrating and method synthesizing of thermal remote sensors’ radiometric calibration”(No.40701118)

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基于中国遥感卫星辐射校正场对在轨运行的遥感卫星热红外通道进行在轨绝对辐射定标,利用TERRA/AQUA MODIS卫星观测数据,对中国遥感卫星辐射校正场热红外通道在轨场地辐射定标方法进行精度评估与分析。将MODIS观测的入瞳亮温与外场实测数据通过辐射传输模式模拟到卫星入瞳的亮温进行比较,结果表明对热红外窗区通道的定标精度优于1.0 K(@300 K)。目前应用于我国在轨风云气象卫星热红外通道的中国遥感卫星辐射校正场绝对辐射定标方法本身具有很好的定标精度:对10.5~11.5 μm通道,误差在0.747 K以内;对11.5~12.5 μm通道,误差在0.851 K以内。

关键词: 中国遥感卫星辐射校正场, 辐射定标, 发射率光谱, 热红外遥感, 精度评估

In order to achieve the in-orbit absolute radiometric calibration of the operational meteorological satellites’ thermal infrared channels, China Radiometric Calibration Sites (CRCS) were established and the accuracy of the CRCS in-orbit field absolute radiometric calibration methods (FCM) for thermal infrared channels (TIR) was evaluated and analyzed based on TERRA/AQUA MODIS observations. Comparisons between the MODIS at pupil brightness temperatures (BTs) and the simulated BTs at the top of atmosphere using radiative transfer model (RTM) based on field measurements showed that the accuracy of the current in-orbit field absolute radiometric calibration methods was better than 1.0K (@300K) in thermal infrared channels. Therefore, the current CRCS field calibration method for TIR channels applied to Chinese meteorological satellites was with favorable calibration accuracy: for 10.5~11.5 μm channel was better than 0.747 K and for 11.5~12.5 μm channel was better than 0.851 K.

Key words: China radiometric calibration sites, Radiometric calibration, Emissivity spectrum, Thermal infrared remote sensing, Accuracy evaluation.

中图分类号:

P407

图1 红外通道场地辐射定标技术流程图

Fig.1 Flowchart of field radiometric calibration CRCS-TIR-FCM

图2 敦煌戈壁陆表发射率光谱数据
蓝点为白天测量结果,红点为夜间测量结果

Fig.2 Dunhuang Gobi surface emissivity spectra
Blue points represent daytime emissivity and red points represent nighttime emissivity

图3 2009年8月13日青海湖同步观测试验GPS航迹图
背景图像为2012年8月19日HJ-1B CCD2青海湖假彩色合成图像

Fig.3 GPS records showing the voyage route at Lake Qinghai on 13 August 2009
Background image is a standard false color composite HJ-1B CCD2 image of 19 August 2012

图4 敦煌场区卫星图像
黄色方框部分为风云卫星同步观测区,背景图像为2013年8月2日GF-1卫星宽视场成像仪16 m空间分辨率假彩色合成图

Fig.4 Satellite image of CRCS Dunhuang site
The yellow square is the central area for the FY series satellite calibration. Background image is a standard false color composite GF-1 WFV image with 16m spatial resolution of August 2, 2013

表1 TERRA/AQUA MODIS遥感器2010年和2012年青海湖/敦煌场地同步观测信息

Table 1 Synchronous observation information of TERRA/AQUA MODIS at Qinghai Lake and Dunhuang in 2010 and 2012

日期 (年—月—日)	卫星平台	观测地点	卫星过境时间	卫星天顶角
2010-08-04	TERRA	敦煌	23:25	24.75°
2010-08-14	TERRA	敦煌	13:00	27.60°
2010-08-18	TERRA	敦煌	12:35	4.47°
2010-08-20	TERRA	敦煌	23:30	24.76°
2012-07-24	AQUA	青海湖	14:00	27.56°
2012-08-07	TERRA	敦煌	12:37	4.47°
2012-08-12	AQUA	敦煌	14:45	2.98°

表1 TERRA/AQUA MODIS遥感器2010年和2012年青海湖/敦煌场地同步观测信息

Table 1 Synchronous observation information of TERRA/AQUA MODIS at Qinghai Lake and Dunhuang in 2010 and 2012

日期 (年—月—日)	卫星平台	观测地点	卫星过境时间	卫星天顶角
2010-08-04	TERRA	敦煌	23:25	24.75°
2010-08-14	TERRA	敦煌	13:00	27.60°
2010-08-18	TERRA	敦煌	12:35	4.47°
2010-08-20	TERRA	敦煌	23:30	24.76°
2012-07-24	AQUA	青海湖	14:00	27.56°
2012-08-07	TERRA	敦煌	12:37	4.47°
2012-08-12	AQUA	敦煌	14:45	2.98°

表2 2010年MODIS 31通道星上获取的辐亮度和亮温与模拟结果比较(辐亮度单位:mW/(m ²·sr·cm);亮温单位:K)

Table 2 Comparisons of TOA radiance and BTs between TERRA MODIS ch31 and the RTM simulated results in 2010 (unit mW/(m ²·sr·cm) for radiance and K for BTs)

日期(月—日)	MODIS观测亮温	MODIS观测辐射	模拟亮温	模拟辐射	亮温差(Sat-Mod)
08-04	288.1941	96.91464	287.9708	96.57104	0.22325
08-14	318.5207	150.0906	317.9346	148.9413	0.58616
08-18	316.0725	145.3216	315.4169	144.0587	0.65557
08-20	287.5394	95.90897	288.1604	96.86276	-0.62101

表2 2010年MODIS 31通道星上获取的辐亮度和亮温与模拟结果比较(辐亮度单位:mW/(m ²·sr·cm);亮温单位:K)

Table 2 Comparisons of TOA radiance and BTs between TERRA MODIS ch31 and the RTM simulated results in 2010 (unit mW/(m ²·sr·cm) for radiance and K for BTs)

日期(月—日)	MODIS观测亮温	MODIS观测辐射	模拟亮温	模拟辐射	亮温差(Sat-Mod)
08-04	288.1941	96.91464	287.9708	96.57104	0.22325
08-14	318.5207	150.0906	317.9346	148.9413	0.58616
08-18	316.0725	145.3216	315.4169	144.0587	0.65557
08-20	287.5394	95.90897	288.1604	96.86276	-0.62101

表3 2010年MODIS 32通道星上获取的辐亮度和亮温与模拟结果比较(辐亮度单位:mW/(m ²·sr·cm);亮温单位:K)

Table 3 Comparisons of TOA radiance and BTs between TERRA MODIS ch32 and the RTM simulated results in 2010 (unit mW/(m ²·sr·cm) for radiance and K for BTs)

日期(月—日)	MODIS观测亮温	MODIS观测辐射	模拟亮温	模拟辐射	亮温差(Sat-Mod)
08-04	289.1235	111.0985	289.178	111.1866	-0.05455
08-14	319.1925	165.3171	319.4404	165.8102	-0.24791
08-18	316.0591	159.1485	316.8931	160.7787	-0.834
08-20	288.5527	110.1785	289.3651	111.4891	-0.81241

表3 2010年MODIS 32通道星上获取的辐亮度和亮温与模拟结果比较(辐亮度单位:mW/(m ²·sr·cm);亮温单位:K)

Table 3 Comparisons of TOA radiance and BTs between TERRA MODIS ch32 and the RTM simulated results in 2010 (unit mW/(m ²·sr·cm) for radiance and K for BTs)

日期(月—日)	MODIS观测亮温	MODIS观测辐射	模拟亮温	模拟辐射	亮温差(Sat-Mod)
08-04	289.1235	111.0985	289.178	111.1866	-0.05455
08-14	319.1925	165.3171	319.4404	165.8102	-0.24791
08-18	316.0591	159.1485	316.8931	160.7787	-0.834
08-20	288.5527	110.1785	289.3651	111.4891	-0.81241

表4 2012年MODIS 31通道星上获取的辐亮度和亮温与模拟结果比较(辐亮度单位:mW/(m ²·sr·cm);亮温单位:K)

Table 4 Comparisons of TOA radiance and BTs between TERRA/AQUA MODIS ch31 and the RTM simulated results in 2012 (unit mW/(m ²·sr·cm) for radiance and K for BTs)

日期(月—日)	MODIS观测亮温	MODIS观测辐射	模拟亮温	模拟辐射	亮温差(Sat-Mod)
07-24	286.2016	93.97956	285.4194	92.80015	0.78216
08-07	307.331	128.9727	307.7579	129.7462	-0.42682
08-12	316.8458	146.9422	316.6588	146.5794	0.18694

表4 2012年MODIS 31通道星上获取的辐亮度和亮温与模拟结果比较(辐亮度单位:mW/(m ²·sr·cm);亮温单位:K)

Table 4 Comparisons of TOA radiance and BTs between TERRA/AQUA MODIS ch31 and the RTM simulated results in 2012 (unit mW/(m ²·sr·cm) for radiance and K for BTs)

日期(月—日)	MODIS观测亮温	MODIS观测辐射	模拟亮温	模拟辐射	亮温差(Sat-Mod)
07-24	286.2016	93.97956	285.4194	92.80015	0.78216
08-07	307.331	128.9727	307.7579	129.7462	-0.42682
08-12	316.8458	146.9422	316.6588	146.5794	0.18694

表5 2012年MODIS 32通道星上获取的辐亮度和亮温与模拟结果比较(辐亮度单位:mW/(m ²·sr·cm);亮温单位:K)

Table 5 Comparisons of TOA radiance and BTs between TERRA/AQUA MODIS ch32 and the RTM simulated results in 2012 (unit mW/(m ²·sr·cm) for radiance and K for BTs)

日期(月—日)	MODIS观测亮温	MODIS观测辐射	模拟亮温	模拟辐射	亮温差(Sat-Mod)
07-24	285.4556	105.3705	285.622	105.6318	-0.16636
08-07	306.2741	140.6532	307.2188	142.3877	-0.94475
08-12	314.7459	156.7156	315.2609	157.7132	-0.51506

表5 2012年MODIS 32通道星上获取的辐亮度和亮温与模拟结果比较(辐亮度单位:mW/(m ²·sr·cm);亮温单位:K)

Table 5 Comparisons of TOA radiance and BTs between TERRA/AQUA MODIS ch32 and the RTM simulated results in 2012 (unit mW/(m ²·sr·cm) for radiance and K for BTs)

日期(月—日)	MODIS观测亮温	MODIS观测辐射	模拟亮温	模拟辐射	亮温差(Sat-Mod)
07-24	285.4556	105.3705	285.622	105.6318	-0.16636
08-07	306.2741	140.6532	307.2188	142.3877	-0.94475
08-12	314.7459	156.7156	315.2609	157.7132	-0.51506

表6 TERRA/AQUA MODIS卫星观测与模拟结果比较(亮温单位:K)

Table 6 Differences of TOA BTs between TERRA/AQUA MODIS and the RTM simulated results of all two years comparisons (unit K for BTs)

年份	月—日	31通道比较结果	32通道比较结果
2010	08-04	0.22325	-0.05455
	08-14	0.58616	-0.24791
	08-18	0.65557	-0.834
	08-20	-0.62101	-0.81241
2012	07-24	0.78216	-0.16636
	08-07	-0.42682	-0.94475
	08-12	0.18694	-0.51506
统计结果^*		0.198±0.542	-0.511±0.334

表6 TERRA/AQUA MODIS卫星观测与模拟结果比较(亮温单位:K)

Table 6 Differences of TOA BTs between TERRA/AQUA MODIS and the RTM simulated results of all two years comparisons (unit K for BTs)

年份	月—日	31通道比较结果	32通道比较结果
2010	08-04	0.22325	-0.05455
	08-14	0.58616	-0.24791
	08-18	0.65557	-0.834
	08-20	-0.62101	-0.81241
2012	07-24	0.78216	-0.16636
	08-07	-0.42682	-0.94475
	08-12	0.18694	-0.51506
统计结果^*		0.198±0.542	-0.511±0.334

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