[1] Neff J C, Townsend A R, Gleixner G, et al. Variable effects of nitrogen additions on the stability and turnover of organic carbon[J].Nature,2002, 419: 915-917. [2] Zhou Guoyi, Yan Junhua. The influences of regional atmospheric precipitation characteristics and its element inputs on the existence and development of Dinghushan forest ecosystems[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2001, 21(12):2 002-2 012.[周国逸,闫俊华. 鼎湖山区域大气降水特征和物质元素输入对森林生态系统存在和发育的影响[J]. 生态学报,2001,21(12):2 002-2 012.] [3] Lu Xiankai, Mo Jiangming, Li Dejun, et al. Effects of simulated N deposition on the photosynthetic and physiologic characteristics of dominant understorey plants in Dinghushan mountain of subtropical China [J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2007,29(6):1-9.[鲁显楷,莫江明,李德军,等. 鼎湖山主要林下层植物光合生理特性对模拟氮沉降的响应[J]. 北京林业大学学报,2007,29(6):1-9.] [4] Chen Qiufeng. Plant Nutrient and litter Decompostion in Short-term Response to Simulated N Deposition in Subtropical Chinese Fir Artificial Forest \[D\]. Fuzhou: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 2006.\[陈秋凤. 杉木人工林林木养分和凋落物分解对模拟氮沉降的响应[D]. 福州:福建农林大学,2006.] [5] Yang Xitian, Ning Guohua, Dong Huiying, et al. Soil microbial characters under different vegetation communities in Taihang mountain area [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2006, 17(9): 1 761-1 764.[杨喜田,宁国华,董惠英,等. 太行山区不同植被群落土壤微生物学特征变化[J]. 应用生态学报,2006, 17(9): 1 761-1 764.] [6] Qi Yuchun, Dong Yunshe, Geng Yuanbo, et al. The progress in the carbon cycle research in grassland ecosystem in China [J].Progress in Geography,2003,22(4):342-352.[齐玉春,董云社,耿元波,等. 我国草地生态系统碳循环研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展,2003,22(4):342-352.] [7] Li Juan. Studies on Soil Microbial Properties and Their Seasonal Variations of Different Long-term Fertilization Regimes [D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2008:1-2.[李娟. 长期不同施肥制度土壤微生物学特性及其季节变化[D]. 北京:中国农业科学院,2008:1-2.] [8] Lv Chaoqun, Tian Hanqin, Huang Yao. Ecology effects of increased nitrogen deposition in terrestrial ecosystems[J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2007,31(2):205-218.[吕超群,田汉勤,黄耀. 陆地生态系统氮沉降增加的生态效应[J]. 植物生态学报,2007,31(2):205-218.] [9] Zhang Yandong, Sun Zhihu, Shen Youxin. Effects of fertilization on soil microorganism of deteriorated grassland in dry-hot valley region of Jinsha river[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2005, 19(2): 88-91.[张彦东, 孙志虎, 沈有信. 施肥对金沙江干热河谷退化草地土壤微生物的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2005, 19(2): 88-91.] [10] Wang J G, Bakken L R. Competition for nitrogen during mineralization of plant residues in soil: Microbial response to C and N availability[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1997, 29(2): 163-170. [11] Lovell R D, Jarvis S C, Bardgett R D. Soil microbial biomass and activity in long-term grassland: Effects of management changes[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1995, 27(7): 969 -975. [12] Williams B L, Grayston S J, Reid E J. Influence of synthetic sheep urine on the microbial biomass activity and community structure in two pastures in the Scottish upland plant and soil[J].Plant and soil,2000, 225(1/2): 175-185. [13] Clegg C D. Impact of cattle grazing and inorganic fertilizer additions to managed grassland on the microbial community composition of soil[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2006, 31(1/2): 73-82. [14] Bradley K, Drijber R A, Knops J. Increased N availability in grassland soils modifies their microbial communities and decreases the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2006, 38(7): 1 583-1 595. [15] Frey S D, Knorr M, Parrent J L, et al. Chronic nitrogen enrichment affects the structure and function of the soil microbial community in temperate hardwood and pine forests[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2004, 196(1): 159-171. [16] Compton J E, Watrud L S, Porteous L A, et al. Response of soil microbial biomass and community composition to chronic nitrogen additions at Harvard forest[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2004, 196(1): 143-158. [17] Bardgett R D, Hobbs P J, Frostegard A. Changes in soil fungal: Bacterial biomass ratios following reductions in the intensity of management of an upland grassland[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,1996, 22(3):261-264. [18] Goddard M R, Bardford M A. The adaptive response of a natural microbial population to carbon-and nitrogen-limitation[J]. Ecology letters,2003, 6(7):594-598. [19] Grayston C D, Wang S, Campbell R D, et al. Selective influence of plant species on microbial diversity in the rhizosphere[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1998, 30(3):369-378. [20] Lovell R D, Hatch D J. Stimulation of microbial activity following spring application of nitrogen[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 1998, 26(1): 28-30. [21] Dijkstra F A, Hobbie S E, Reich P B, et al. Divergent effects of elevated CO2, N fertilization, and plant diversity on soil C and N dynamics in a grassland field experiment[J].Plant and Soil,2005, 272(1/2): 41-52. [22] Johnson D, Leake J R, Read D J. Liming and nitrogen fertilization affects phosphatase activities, microbial biomass and mycorrhizal colonization in upland grassland[J].Plant and Soil,2005, 271(1/2): 157-164. [23] Liu W X, Xu W H, Han Y, et al. Responses of microbial biomass and respiration of soil to topography, burning, and nitrogen fertilization in a temperate steppe[J].Biology Fertility of Soils,2007, 44(2): 259-268. [24] Wallenstein M D, McNulty S, Fernandez I J, et al. Nitrogen fertilization decreases forest soil fungal and bacterial biomass in three long-term experiments[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2006, 222(1/3): 459-468. [25] Fisk M C, Fahey T J. Microbial biomass and nitrogen cycling responses to fertilization and litter removal in young northern hardwood forests[J].Biogeochemistry,2001, 53(2): 201-223. [26] Tietema A. Microbial carbon and nitrogen dynamics in coniferous forest floor material collected along a European nitrogen deposition gradient[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,1998, 101(1/3): 29-36. [27] Hopkins D W, Shiel R S. Size and activity of soil microbial communities in long-term experimental grassland plots treated with manure and inorganic fertilizers[J]. Biological Fertility of Soils,1996, 22(1/2): 66-70. [28] DeForest J L, Zak D R, Pregitzer K S, et al. Atmospheric nitrate deposition, microbial community composition, and enzyme activity in northern hardwood forests[J]. Soil Science Society of America,2004, 68(1): 132-138. [29] Zhang N L, Wan S Q, Li L H, et al. Impacts of urea N addition on soil microbial community in a semi-arid temperate steppe in northern China[J].Plant Soil, 2008, 311(1/2): 19-28. [30] Zhang Q S, Zak J C. Effects of water and nitrogen amendment on soil microbial biomass and fine root production in a semi-arid environment in west Texas[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1998, 30(1): 39-45. [31] Lovell R D, Jarvis S C. Effect of cattle dung on soil microbial biomass C and N in a permanent treatment stored under controlled conditions[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1996, 28(3): 291-299. [32] Johnson D, Leake J R, Lee J A, et al. Changes in soil microbial biomass and microbial activities in response to 7 years simulated pollutant nitrogen deposition on a heathland and two grasslands[J].Environmental Pollution,1998, 103(2/3): 239-250.[33] Jia Bingrui, Zhou Guangsheng, Wang Fengyu, et al. Affecting factors of soil microorganism and root respiration[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2005, 16(8):1 547-1 552.[贾丙瑞,周广胜,王风玉,等. 土壤微生物与根系呼吸作用影响因子分析[J]. 应用生态学报,2005, 16(8):1 547-1 552.] [34] Luizo F J, Proctor J, Thompson J, et al. Rain forest on maraca island, roraima, Brazil: Soil and litter process response to artificial gaps[J].Forest Ecology and Management,1998, 102(23): 291-303. [35] Schlesinger W H. Biogeochemistry[J].Geotimes,1997, 42(2): 44-45. [36] Hatch D J, Lovell R D, Antil R S, et al. Nitrogen mineralization and microbial activity in permanent pastures amended with nitrogen fertilizer or dung[J]. Biology Fertility of Soils,2000, 30(4): 288-293. [37] Peng Qin, Dong Yunshe, Qi Yuchun. Influence of external nitrogen input on key processes of carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystem[J].Advances in Earth Science, 2008, 23(8):874-883.[彭琴,董云社,齐玉春. 氮输入对陆地生态系统碳循环关键过程的影响[J]. 地球科学进展,2008,23(8):874-883.] [38] Xue Jinghua,Mo Jiangming,Li Jiong, et al. Effects of nitrogen deposition on soil microorganism[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2005, 14(5):777-782. [薛璟花,莫江明,李炯,等. 氮沉降增加对土壤微生物的影响[J]. 生态环境,2005, 14(5):777-782.] [39] Peng Shaolin, Li Yuelin, Ren Hai, et al. Progress in research on soil respiration under the global change[J]. Advances in Earth Science,2002,17(5):705-713.[彭少麟,李跃林,任海,等. 全球变化条件下的土壤呼吸效应[J]. 地球科学进展,2002,17(5):705-713.] [40] Zhang Jiaen, Cai Yanfei, Gao Aixia, et al. Review on laboratory methods for soil microbial diversity[J].Soil,2004, 36(4): 346-350.[章家恩, 蔡燕飞, 高爱霞, 等. 土壤微生物多样性实验研究方法概述[J]. 土壤, 2004, 36(4): 346-350.] [41] Zhang Wei, Wei Hailei, Gao Hongwen, et al. Advances of studies on soil microbial diversity and environmental impact factors[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2005, 24(1): 48-52. [张薇, 魏海雷, 高洪文, 等. 土壤微生物多样性及其环境影响因子研究进展[J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, 24(1): 48-52.] [42] Kennedy N, Brodie E, Connolly J, et al. Impact of lime, nitrogen and plant species on bacterial community structure in grassland microcosms[J].Environmental Microbiology,2004, 6(10): 1 070-1 080. [43] Freitag T E, Chang L, Clegg C D, et al. Influence of inorganic nitrogen management regime on the diversity of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in agricultural grassland soils[J].American Society for Microbiology,2005, 7(12): 8 323-8 334. [44] Clegg C D, Lovell R D L, Hobbs P J. The impact of grassland management regime on the community structure of selected bacterial groups in soils[J].Microbiology Ecology,2003, 43(2): 263-270. [45] Bardgett R D, Lovell R D, Hobbs P J, et al. Seasonal changes in soil microbial communities along a fertility gradient of temperate grasslands[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1999, 31(7): 1 021-1 030. [46] Grayston S J, Griffith G S, Mawdsley J L, et al. Accounting for variability in soil microbial communities of temperate upland grassland ecosystems[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2001, 33(4/5): 533-551. [47] McCaig A, Glover L A, Prosser J I. Numerical analysis of grassland bacterial community structure under different land management regimens by using 16S ribosomal DNA sequence data and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis banding patterns[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2001, 67(10): 4 554-4 559. [48] Stursova M, Crenshaw C L, Sinsabaugh R L. Microbial responses to long-term N deposition in a semiarid grassland[J].Microbial Ecology,2006, 51(1): 90-98. [49] Henry H A L, Juare J D, Field C B, et al. Interactive effects of elevated CO2, N deposition and climate change on extracellular enzyme activity and soil density fractionation in a California annual grassland[J].Global Change Biology,2005, 11(10):1 808-1815. [50] Zeglin L H, Stursova M, Sinsbaugh R L, et al. Microbial responses to nitrogen addition in three contrasting grassland ecosystems[J].Oecologia,2007, 154(2): 349-359. [51] Saiya-Cork K R, Sinsabaugh R L, Zak D R. The effects of long term nitrogen deposition on extracellular enzyme activity in an Acer saccharum forest soil[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2002, 34(9):1 309-1 315. [52] Ajwa H A, Dell C J, Rice C W. Changes in enzyme activities and microbial biomass of tallgrass prairie soil as related to burning and nitrogen fertilization[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1999, 31(5):769-777. [53] Pei Haikun. Effect of different fertilizer on enzymatic activity of grassland[J].Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2001, 31(2): 15-16.[裴海昆.不同施肥量对天然草地土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 青海畜牧兽医杂志, 2001, 31(2): 15-16.] [54] Pu Xiaopeng. Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Oat and Soil Enzyme Activity in Alpine Region[D]. Lanzhou:Gansu Agriculture University,2005.[蒲小鹏.氮肥对高寒地区燕麦草地生产性能及土壤酶活性的影响[D]. 兰州:甘肃农业大学, 2005.] |