基于不同郁闭度的青海云杉冠层截留特征研究

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2009.07.0825

祁连山区为石羊河、黑河和疏勒河等内陆河流域的主要水源涵养区域，青海云杉作为祁连山区水源涵养林的主要建群种，对流域尺度的水文过程起到了重要的作用。很多学者对该地区的青海云杉冠层截留特征进行了研究，但是在进行集雨器布设的时候多采用随机或者规则采样方法，两种方法由于没有考虑到冠层结构的影响，所以不易具有很好的代表性。试图采用一种新的布设雨量筒的方法：即根据雨量筒上方冠层的郁闭度来确定雨量筒的布设位置，使其大致能够在郁闭度区间内均匀分布。同时在实验样地内还采用了规则采样方法布设了集雨槽，用来做对比分析。为了得到冠层郁闭度，实验采用遥感图像处理软件ENVI来对普通数码相机采集的冠层图像进行处理。利用数理统计原理和数学模型，对观测期间的34组降雨数据进行了综合分析，并且和规则格网采样的结果进行了对比。结果表明：林内的穿透降雨和郁闭度之间呈现非线性关系;平均林内穿透降雨量随降雨量的增加而增加，二者之间呈现良好的线性关系;在一定的降雨量范围内林冠截留量随降雨量的增加而增加，反之，林冠截留量减少;青海云杉林冠层的总截留降水率为22.2%;根据郁闭度来确定雨量筒的布设位置是可行的。

关键词: 青海云杉, 郁闭度, 穿透降雨, 林冠截留

Qilian Mountain is the main region of water conservation of many inland river basins, such as Shiyang River Basin, Heihe River Basin and Shule River Basin. As the main constructive species, Picea Crassifolia plays an important role in hydrological processes especially in a watershed scale. Therefore, it is meaningful to make a study of the redistribution of precipitation of Picea Crassifolia, especially the interception. Many scholars had studied the canopy interception characteristics. In most of these studies, however, rain gauges were installed in study plot accordingly by random or regular method. Thoese two methods do not take into account the canopy structure, which will not be easy to bring about representative result. The effect of canopy closure on top of rain gauges was not taken into account in both of these two methods. In this paper, a new method was developed: the rain gauges were installed according to canopy closure and the closure above each gauge is well-proportioned. Synchronously, rain troughs were installed in experiment plot according to the regular method, which would be used for a contrast. In order to estimate canopy closure, an ordinary digital camera was employed. The photographs from the digital camera were processed base on the ENVI (software of image processing). Five conclusions could be obtained based on the analysis of 34 groups of data collected during the observation. Firstly, the relationship between throughfall in plot and canopy closure is non-linear. Secondly, mean throughfall in plot increased with precipitation, and they had a strong linear relationship. Thirdly, within certain precipitation range, canopy interception increased with precipitation, otherwise, it decreased. Fourthly, the percentage of interception of Picea Crassifolia in total precipitation is 22.2%. Finally, the method that rain gauges are installed according to canopy closure is viable.

Key words: Picea Crassifolia, Canopy closure, Throughfall, Canopy interception.

中图分类号:

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摘要

A Study of Interception of Picea Crassifolia Based on Different Canopy Closure