[1]UNDP, UNEP, WB, et al. World Resources 2000-2001: People and Ecosystems: The Fraying Web of Life[R]. Washington DC: World Resources Institute,2000.[联合国开发计划署, 联合国环境规划署, 世界银行，等. 世界资源报告2000—2001：人与生态系统——正在破碎的生命之网[R]. 王青, 方莉, 刘亚明, 等译. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2002.]
[2]Maltby E, Holdgate M, Acreman M, eds. Ecosystem Management Questions for Science and Society[M]. Translate  Kang Le, Han Xingguo， et al. Beijing: Science Press, 2003. [Maltby E, Holdgate M, Acreman M.生态系统管理——科学与社会问题[M]. 康乐, 韩兴国, 等译.北京: 科学出版社, 2003.]
[3]Wang Silong, Zhao Shidong. Ecosystem approach: A new concept for ecosystem management[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004, 15(12):2 364-2 368.[汪思龙, 赵士洞. 生态系统途径——生态系统管理的一种新理念[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15(12):2 364-2 368.]
[4]Min Qingwen, Yu Guirui, Yu Weidong. Ecosystem approaches to water security in northwest China[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2003, 10(4): 272-274. [闵庆文, 于贵瑞, 余卫东. 西北地区水资源安全的生态系统途径[J]. 水土保持研究, 2003, 10(4):272-274.]
[5]Chapin F S, Matson P A, Mooney H A. Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology[M]. Li Bo, Zhao Bin, Peng Ronghao, et al. translate. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2005. [Chapin F S, Matson P A, Mooney H A. 陆地生态系统生态学原理[M].李博,赵斌,彭容豪,等译.北京: 高等教育出版社, 2005.]
[6]State Environment Protection Administration of China. China’s Second National Report on Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity[M].Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2001. [国家环境保护总局.中国履行《生物多样性公约》第二次国家报告[M]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2001.]
[7]Ma Keping. Ninth meeting of the subsidiary body on scientific, technical and technological advice, Convention on Biological Diversity[J]. Endangered Species Scientific Newsletter,2004, (2). [马克平. 《生物多样性公约》科学、技术与工艺咨询机构第九次会议[J]. 濒危物种科学通讯, 2004, (2).]
[8]COP 5 (Fifth Ordinary Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity). Decision ⅴ/6[EB/OL]. http://www.biodiv.org/doc/decisions/COP-05-dec-en.pdf，2000.
[9]MA (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment). Ecosystems and Human Well-being: A Framework for Assessment[M]. Washington DC: Island Press, 2003.
[10]Zhao Shidong, Zhang Yongmin. Concepts, contents and challenges of ecosystem assessment-Introduction to “Ecosystems and Human Well-being: A Framework for Assessment”[J].Advances in Earth Sciences,2004,19(4):650-657.[赵士洞，张永民.生态系统评估的概念内涵及挑战——介绍《生态系统与人类福祉：评估框架》[J].地球科学进展，2004,19(4):650-657.]
[11]Christie W J, Becker M, Cowden J W, et al. Managing the Great Lakes basin as a home[J]. Journal of Great Lakes Resources,1986, 12(1):2-17.
[12]Lee B J, Regier H A, Rapport D J. Ten ecosystem approaches to the planning and management of the Great Lakes[J].Journal of Great Lakes Research,1982, 8(3):505-519.
[13]Szaro R C, Berc J, Cameron S, et al. The ecosystem approach: Science and information management issues, gaps and needs[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,1998, 40(1/3):89-101.
[14]Interagency Ecosystem Management Task Force. The Ecosystem Approach: Healthy Ecosystems and Sustainable Economics(vol.Ⅰ Overview)[R]. Springfield, Virginia: Report of the Interagency Ecosystem Management Task Force, June 1995. NTIS/US Department of Commerce，1995.
[15]Maltby E, Holdgate M, Acreman M, eds. Ecosystem Management Questions for Science and Society[M]. Virginia Water, UK: The Royal Holloway Institute for Environmental Research, 1999.
[16]COP 2 (Second Ordinary Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity). Decision ⅱ/8[EB/OL].http://www.biodiv.org/doc/decisions/COP-02-dec-en.pdf,1995.
[17]Smith R D, Maltby E. Using the Ecosystem Approach to Implement the Convention on Biological Diversity: Key Issues and Case Studies[M].Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK:IUCN, 2003.
[18]Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Handbook of the Convention on Biological Diversity: Including Its Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (3rd)[R]. Montreal, Canada,2005.
[19]Morrissey W A. An ecosystem-based approach to managing America's resources: A view from the US capitol hill[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,1998, 40:203-210.
[20]Rosenberg A, Bigford T E, Leathery S, et al. Ecosystem approaches to fishery management through essential fish habitat[J].Bulletin of Marine Science,2000, 66(3):535-542.
[21]Garcia S M, Zerbi A, Aliaume C, et al. The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries: Issues, Terminology, Principles, Institutional Foundations, Implementation and Outlook(FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 443)[R]. Rome: FAO,2003.
[22]Mackenzie S H. Toward integrated resource management: Lessons about the ecosystem approach from the Laurentian Great Lakes[J].Environmental Management,1997, 21(2):173-183.
[23]Koonce J F. Reflections on the challenges of the ecosystem approach: A remembrance of jack christie[J].Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management,1999, 2(3):223-227.
[24]Gonzalez O J. Formulating an ecosystem approach to environmental protection[J].Environmental Management,1996, 20(5):597-605.
[25]Crober A. The Ecosystem Approach to Ecosystem Management[D]. Waterloo: Department of Geography, Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Waterloo, 1999.
[26]COP 7 (Seventh Ordinary Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity). Decision ⅶ/11[EB/OL].Online at: http://www.biodiv.org/doc/decisions/COP-07-dec-en.pdf,2004.
[27]Shepherd G. The Ecosystem Approach: Five Steps to Implementation[R]. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN,2004.
[28]Su Xinhong, Fang Shuimei, Zhang Zhuangli, et al. The new concept of the international fishery management and the suggestive measure for Fujian province[J].Marine Fisheries,2002, (3):106-109. [苏新红, 方水美, 张壮丽,等.国际渔业管理的新观念与福建省应采取的若干应对措施[J]. 海洋渔业, 2002, (3):106-109.]
[29]Beattie M. An ecosystem approach to fish and wildlife conservation[J]. Ecological Applications,1996, 6(3):696-699.
[30]Ward T, Tarte D, Hegerl E, et al. Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Capture Fisheries[R]. World Wide Fund for Nature Australia,2002.
[31]Sutinen J G, Soboil M. The performance of fisheries management systems and the ecosystem challenge[C]//Sinclair M, Valdimarsson G, eds. Responsible Fisheries in the Marine Ecosystem. Rome, Italy, and Wallingford, UK: FAO and CAB International, 2003: 291-309.
[32]Wu Xilin, Ye Gongfu, Chen Dewang, et al. Summarizing the forest ecosystem[J]. Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology,2002, 29(3):84-87. [吴锡麟, 叶功富, 陈德旺,等.森林生态系统管理概述[J]. 福建林业科技, 2002, 29(3):84-87.]
[33]Wang Bing, Li Shaoning, Bai Xiulan, et al. Reviewing and prospecting on development of forest ecosystem management.[J]. World Forestry Research,2002, 15(4):1-6. [王兵, 李少宁, 白秀兰,等.森林生态系统管理的发展回顾与展望[J]. 世界林业研究, 2002, 15(4):1-6.]
[34]Allen T F H, Bandurski B L, King A W. The Ecosystem Approach: Theory and Ecosystem Integrity(Report to the Great Lakes Science Advisory Board)[R].International Joint Commission, United States and Canada,1993.
[35]Clark J R. The ecosystem approach from a practical point of view[J]. Conservation Biology,1999, 13(3):679-681.
[36]Jones M L, Taylor W W. Challenges to the implementation of the ecosystem approach in the Great Lakes basin[J]. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management,1999, 2(3):249.
[37]Hartig J H, Zarull M A, Law N L. An ecosystem approach to Great Lakes management: Practical steps[J]. Journal of Great Lakes Research,1998, 24(3):739-750.
[38]Hartig J H, Zarull M A, Heidtke T M, et al. Implementing ecosystem-based management: Lessons from the Great Lakes[J]. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,1998, 41(1):45-75.
[39]Shear H, Stadler-Salt N, Bertram P, et al. The development and implementation of indicators of ecosystem health in the Great Lakes Basin[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2003, 88:119-152.
[40]Kimball L A. International Ocean Governance: Using International Law and Organizations to Manage Marine Resources Sustainably[M]. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN—The World Conservation Union, 2001.